View source for 6wpw


==GCGR-Gs signaling complex bound to a designed glucagon derivative==
<StructureSection load='6wpw' size='340' side='right'caption='[[6wpw]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 3.10&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[6wpw]] is a 6 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lama_glama Lama glama] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic_construct Synthetic construct]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=6WPW OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6WPW FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">Electron Microscopy, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 3.1&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6wpw FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=6wpw OCA], [https://pdbe.org/6wpw PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=6wpw RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/6wpw PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=6wpw ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Disease ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/GNAS2_HUMAN GNAS2_HUMAN] Pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism;Pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1A;Progressive osseous heteroplasia;Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia;Monostotic fibrous dysplasia;Pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1C;Pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1B;McCune-Albright syndrome. The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.  The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.  The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.  The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.  The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.  The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.  The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry. Most affected individuals have defects in methylation of the gene. In some cases microdeletions involving the STX16 appear to cause loss of methylation at exon A/B of GNAS, resulting in PHP1B. Paternal uniparental isodisomy have also been observed.  The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.  The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/GNAS2_HUMAN GNAS2_HUMAN] Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) function as transducers in numerous signaling pathways controlled by G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) (PubMed:17110384). Signaling involves the activation of adenylyl cyclases, resulting in increased levels of the signaling molecule cAMP (PubMed:26206488, PubMed:8702665). GNAS functions downstream of several GPCRs, including beta-adrenergic receptors (PubMed:21488135). Stimulates the Ras signaling pathway via RAPGEF2 (PubMed:12391161).<ref>PMID:12391161</ref> <ref>PMID:17110384</ref> <ref>PMID:21488135</ref> <ref>PMID:26206488</ref> <ref>PMID:8702665</ref> 
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Family B heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein)-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play important roles in carbohydrate metabolism. Recent structures of family B GPCR-G(s) protein complexes reveal a disruption in the alpha-helix of transmembrane segment 6 (TM6) not observed in family A GPCRs. To investigate the functional impact of this structural difference, we compared the structure and function of the glucagon receptor (GCGR; family B) with the beta(2) adrenergic receptor (beta(2)AR; family A). We determined the structure of the GCGR-G(s) complex by means of cryo-electron microscopy at 3.1-angstrom resolution. This structure shows the distinct break in TM6. Guanosine triphosphate (GTP) turnover, guanosine diphosphate release, GTP binding, and G protein dissociation studies revealed much slower rates for G protein activation by the GCGR compared with the beta(2)AR. Fluorescence and double electron-electron resonance studies suggest that this difference is due to the inability of agonist alone to induce a detectable outward movement of the cytoplasmic end of TM6.

Structural insights into differences in G protein activation by family A and family B GPCRs.,Hilger D, Kumar KK, Hu H, Pedersen MF, O'Brien ES, Giehm L, Jennings C, Eskici G, Inoue A, Lerch M, Mathiesen JM, Skiniotis G, Kobilka BK Science. 2020 Jul 31;369(6503):eaba3373. doi: 10.1126/science.aba3373. PMID:32732395<ref>PMID:32732395</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 6wpw" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[GTP-binding protein 3D structures|GTP-binding protein 3D structures]]
*[[Glucagon receptor|Glucagon receptor]]
*[[Transducin 3D structures|Transducin 3D structures]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Lama glama]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Synthetic construct]]
[[Category: Hilger D]]
[[Category: Hu H]]
[[Category: Kobilka BK]]
[[Category: Krishna Kumar K]]
[[Category: Mathiesen JM]]
[[Category: Skiniotis G]]