View source for 6pax


==CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE HUMAN PAX-6 PAIRED DOMAIN-DNA COMPLEX REVEALS A GENERAL MODEL FOR PAX PROTEIN-DNA INTERACTIONS==
<StructureSection load='6pax' size='340' side='right'caption='[[6pax]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.50&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[6pax]] is a 3 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=6PAX OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6PAX FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.5&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6pax FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=6pax OCA], [https://pdbe.org/6pax PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=6pax RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/6pax PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=6pax ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Disease ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PAX6_HUMAN PAX6_HUMAN] Defects in PAX6 are the cause of aniridia (AN) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/106210 106210]. A congenital, bilateral, panocular disorder characterized by complete absence of the iris or extreme iris hypoplasia. Aniridia is not just an isolated defect in iris development but it is associated with macular and optic nerve hypoplasia, cataract, corneal changes, nystagmus. Visual acuity is generally low but is unrelated to the degree of iris hypoplasia. Glaucoma is a secondary problem causing additional visual loss over time.<ref>PMID:10346815</ref> <ref>PMID:8364574</ref> <ref>PMID:8640214</ref> <ref>PMID:9147640</ref> <ref>PMID:9281415</ref> <ref>PMID:9792406</ref> <ref>PMID:9856761</ref> <ref>PMID:10234503</ref> <ref>PMID:9931324</ref> <ref>PMID:7958875</ref> <ref>PMID:10955655</ref> <ref>PMID:10737978</ref> <ref>PMID:11553050</ref> <ref>PMID:11309364</ref> <ref>PMID:11826019</ref> <ref>PMID:12721955</ref> <ref>PMID:12634864</ref> <ref>PMID:12552561</ref> <ref>PMID:16493447</ref> <ref>PMID:21850189</ref>   Defects in PAX6 are a cause of Peters anomaly (PAN) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/604229 604229]. Peters anomaly consists of a central corneal leukoma, absence of the posterior corneal stroma and Descemet membrane, and a variable degree of iris and lenticular attachments to the central aspect of the posterior cornea.<ref>PMID:12721955</ref> <ref>PMID:8162071</ref> <ref>PMID:10441571</ref>   Defects in PAX6 are a cause of foveal hypoplasia (FOVHYP) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/136520 136520]. Foveal hypoplasia can be isolated or associated with presenile cataract. Inheritance is autosomal dominant.<ref>PMID:8640214</ref> <ref>PMID:9931324</ref>   Defects in PAX6 are a cause of keratitis hereditary (KERH) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/148190 148190]. An ocular disorder characterized by corneal opacification, recurrent stromal keratitis and vascularization.  Defects in PAX6 are a cause of coloboma of iris choroid and retina (COI) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/120200 120200]; also known as uveoretinal coloboma. Ocular colobomas are a set of malformations resulting from abnormal morphogenesis of the optic cup and stalk, and the fusion of the fetal fissure (optic fissure). Severe colobomatous malformations may cause as much as 10% of the childhood blindness. The clinical presentation of ocular coloboma is variable. Some individuals may present with minimal defects in the anterior iris leaf without other ocular defects. More complex malformations create a combination of iris, uveoretinal and/or optic nerve defects without or with microphthalmia or even anophthalmia.<ref>PMID:12721955</ref>   Defects in PAX6 are a cause of coloboma of optic nerve (COLON) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/120430 120430].  Defects in PAX6 are a cause of bilateral optic nerve hypoplasia (BONH) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/165550 165550]; also known as bilateral optic nerve aplasia. A congenital anomaly in which the optic disc appears abnormally small. It may be an isolated finding or part of a spectrum of anatomic and functional abnormalities that includes partial or complete agenesis of the septum pellucidum, other midline brain defects, cerebral anomalies, pituitary dysfunction, and structural abnormalities of the pituitary.<ref>PMID:12721955</ref>   Defects in PAX6 are a cause of aniridia cerebellar ataxia and mental deficiency (ACAMD) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/206700 206700]; also known as Gillespie syndrome. A rare condition consisting of partial rudimentary iris, cerebellar impairment of the ability to perform coordinated voluntary movements, and mental retardation.<ref>PMID:17595013</ref> 
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PAX6_HUMAN PAX6_HUMAN] Transcription factor with important functions in the development of the eye, nose, central nervous system and pancreas. Required for the differentiation of pancreatic islet alpha cells (By similarity). Competes with PAX4 in binding to a common element in the glucagon, insulin and somatostatin promoters. Regulates specification of the ventral neuron subtypes by establishing the correct progenitor domains (By similarity). Isoform 5a appears to function as a molecular switch that specifies target genes.
== Evolutionary Conservation ==
[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]]
Check<jmol>
  <jmolCheckbox>
    <scriptWhenChecked>; select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/pa/6pax_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
    <scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>
    <text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
  </jmolCheckbox>
</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=6pax ConSurf].
<div style="clear:both"></div>

==See Also==
*[[Paired box protein|Paired box protein]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Epstein JA]]
[[Category: Maas RL]]
[[Category: Pabo CO]]
[[Category: Rould MA]]
[[Category: Xu HE]]
[[Category: Xu W]]