View source for 6gg5


==Crystal structure of M2 PYK in complex with Tryptophan.==
<StructureSection load='6gg5' size='340' side='right'caption='[[6gg5]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 3.20&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[6gg5]] is a 4 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=6GG5 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6GG5 FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 3.2&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=CSO:S-HYDROXYCYSTEINE'>CSO</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=K:POTASSIUM+ION'>K</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=PO4:PHOSPHATE+ION'>PO4</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=TRP:TRYPTOPHAN'>TRP</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6gg5 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=6gg5 OCA], [https://pdbe.org/6gg5 PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=6gg5 RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/6gg5 PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=6gg5 ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/KPYM_HUMAN KPYM_HUMAN] Glycolytic enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphoryl group from phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to ADP, generating ATP. Stimulates POU5F1-mediated transcriptional activation. Plays a general role in caspase independent cell death of tumor cells. The ratio betwween the highly active tetrameric form and nearly inactive dimeric form determines whether glucose carbons are channeled to biosynthetic processes or used for glycolytic ATP production. The transition between the 2 forms contributes to the control of glycolysis and is important for tumor cell proliferation and survival.<ref>PMID:17308100</ref> <ref>PMID:18191611</ref> <ref>PMID:21620138</ref> 
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
We have tested the effect of all 20 proteinogenic amino acids on the activity of the M2 isoenzyme of pyruvate kinase (M2PYK) and show that within physiologically relevant concentrations, phenylalanine, alanine, tryptophan, methionine, valine, and proline act as inhibitors while histidine and serine act as activators. Size exclusion chromatography has been used to show that all amino acids, whether activators or inhibitors, stabilise the tetrameric form of M2PYK. In the absence of amino-acid ligands an apparent tetramer-monomer dissociation Kd is estimated to be ~0.9 microM with a slow dissociation rate (t1/2 ~ 15 min). X-ray structures of M2PYK complexes with alanine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan show the M2PYK locked in an inactive T-state conformation, while activators lock the M2PYK tetramer in the active R-state conformation. Amino-acid binding in the allosteric pocket triggers rigid body rotations (11 degrees ) stabilising either T or R-states. The opposing inhibitory and activating effects of the non-essential amino acids serine and alanine suggest that M2PYK could act as a rapid-response nutrient sensor to rebalance cellular metabolism. This competition at a single allosteric site between activators and inhibitors provides a novel regulatory mechanism by which M2PYK activity is finely tuned by the relative (but not absolute) concentrations of activator and inhibitor amino acids. Such 'allostatic' regulation may be important in metabolic reprogramming and influencing cell fate.

An allostatic mechanism for M2 pyruvate kinase as an amino-acid sensor.,Yuan M, McNae IW, Chen Y, Blackburn EA, Wear MA, Michels PAM, Fothergill-Gilmore LA, Hupp T, Walkinshaw MD Biochem J. 2018 May 10. pii: BCJ20180171. doi: 10.1042/BCJ20180171. PMID:29748232<ref>PMID:29748232</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 6gg5" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[Pyruvate kinase 3D structures|Pyruvate kinase 3D structures]]
== References ==
<references/>
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</StructureSection>
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: McNae IW]]
[[Category: Walkinshaw MD]]
[[Category: Yuan M]]