View source for 6c23


==Cryo-EM structure of PRC2 bound to cofactors AEBP2 and JARID2 in the Compact Active State==
<SX load='6c23' size='340' side='right' viewer='molstar' caption='[[6c23]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 3.90&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[6c23]] is a 12 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human Human]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=6C23 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6C23 FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='NonStdRes'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Non-Standard_Residue|NonStd Res:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=M3L:N-TRIMETHYLLYSINE'>M3L</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=UNK:UNKNOWN'>UNK</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">SUZ12, CHET9, JJAZ1, KIAA0160 ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN]), JARID2, JMJ ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN]), EZH2, KMT6 ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN]), EED ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN]), RBBP4, RBAP48 ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN]), AEBP2 ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN])</td></tr>
<tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histone-lysine_N-methyltransferase Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase], with EC number [http://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=2.1.1.43 2.1.1.43] </span></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6c23 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=6c23 OCA], [http://pdbe.org/6c23 PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=6c23 RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/6c23 PDBsum], [http://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=6c23 ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Disease ==
[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/EZH2_HUMAN EZH2_HUMAN]] Weaver syndrome. The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry. [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SUZ12_HUMAN SUZ12_HUMAN]] A chromosomal aberration involving SUZ12 may be a cause of endometrial stromal tumors. Translocation t(7;17)(p15;q21) with JAZF1. The translocation generates the JAZF1-SUZ12 oncogene consisting of the N-terminus part of JAZF1 and the C-terminus part of SUZ12. It is frequently found in all cases of endometrial stromal tumors, except in endometrial stromal sarcomas, where it is rarer.<ref>PMID:11371647</ref>  
== Function ==
[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/EZH2_HUMAN EZH2_HUMAN]] Polycomb group (PcG) protein. Catalytic subunit of the PRC2/EED-EZH2 complex, which methylates 'Lys-9' (H3K9me) and 'Lys-27' (H3K27me) of histone H3, leading to transcriptional repression of the affected target gene. Able to mono-, di- and trimethylate 'Lys-27' of histone H3 to form H3K27me1, H3K27me2 and H3K27me3, respectively. Compared to EZH2-containing complexes, it is more abundant in embryonic stem cells and plays a major role in forming H3K27me3, which is required for embryonic stem cell identity and proper differentiation. The PRC2/EED-EZH2 complex may also serve as a recruiting platform for DNA methyltransferases, thereby linking two epigenetic repression systems. Genes repressed by the PRC2/EED-EZH2 complex include HOXC8, HOXA9, MYT1, CDKN2A and retinoic acid target genes. EZH2 can also methylate non-histone proteins such as the transcription factor GATA4 and the nuclear receptor RORA.<ref>PMID:14532106</ref> <ref>PMID:15385962</ref> <ref>PMID:15231737</ref> <ref>PMID:15225548</ref> <ref>PMID:16179254</ref> <ref>PMID:16618801</ref> <ref>PMID:16357870</ref> <ref>PMID:16936726</ref> <ref>PMID:17210787</ref> <ref>PMID:17344414</ref> <ref>PMID:19026781</ref> <ref>PMID:18285464</ref> <ref>PMID:20935635</ref> <ref>PMID:23063525</ref>  [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/AEBP2_HUMAN AEBP2_HUMAN]] DNA-binding transcriptional repressor. May interact with and stimulate the activity of the PRC2 complex, which methylates 'Lys-9' and 'Lys-27' residues of histone H3.<ref>PMID:15225548</ref>  [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/JARD2_HUMAN JARD2_HUMAN]] Regulator of histone methyltransferase complexes that plays an essential role in embryonic development, including heart and liver development, neural tube fusion process and hematopoiesis. Acts by modulating histone methyltransferase activity and promoting the recruitment of histone methyltransferase complexes to their target genes. Binds DNA and mediates the recruitment of the PRC2 complex to target genes in embryonic stem cells. Does not have histone demethylase activity but regulates activity of various histone methyltransferase complexes. In embryonic stem cells, it associates with the PRC2 complex and inhibits trimethylation of 'Lys-27' of histone H3 (H3K27me3) by the PRC2 complex, thereby playing a key role in differentiation of embryonic stem cells and normal development. In cardiac cells, it is required to repress expression of cyclin-D1 (CCND1) by activating methylation of 'Lys-9' of histone H3 (H3K9me) by the GLP1/EHMT1 and G9a/EHMT2 histone methyltransferases. Also acts as a transcriptional repressor of ANF via its interaction with GATA4 and NKX2-5. Participates in the negative regulation of cell proliferation signaling.<ref>PMID:20075857</ref>  [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SUZ12_HUMAN SUZ12_HUMAN]] Polycomb group (PcG) protein. Component of the PRC2/EED-EZH2 complex, which methylates 'Lys-9' (H3K9me) and 'Lys-27' (H3K27me) of histone H3, leading to transcriptional repression of the affected target gene. The PRC2/EED-EZH2 complex may also serve as a recruiting platform for DNA methyltransferases, thereby linking two epigenetic repression systems. Genes repressed by the PRC2/EED-EZH2 complex include HOXC8, HOXA9, MYT1 and CDKN2A.<ref>PMID:15225548</ref> <ref>PMID:15231737</ref> <ref>PMID:15385962</ref> <ref>PMID:16618801</ref> <ref>PMID:17344414</ref> <ref>PMID:18285464</ref>  [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/EED_HUMAN EED_HUMAN]] Polycomb group (PcG) protein. Component of the PRC2/EED-EZH2 complex, which methylates 'Lys-9' and 'Lys-27' of histone H3, leading to transcriptional repression of the affected target gene. Also recognizes 'Lys-26' trimethylated histone H1 with the effect of inhibiting PRC2 complex methyltransferase activity on nucleosomal histone H3 'Lys-27', whereas H3 'Lys-27' recognition has the opposite effect, enabling the propagation of this repressive mark. The PRC2/EED-EZH2 complex may also serve as a recruiting platform for DNA methyltransferases, thereby linking two epigenetic repression systems. Genes repressed by the PRC2/EED-EZH2 complex include HOXC8, HOXA9, MYT1 and CDKN2A.<ref>PMID:9584199</ref> <ref>PMID:10581039</ref> <ref>PMID:14532106</ref> <ref>PMID:15385962</ref> <ref>PMID:15231737</ref> <ref>PMID:15225548</ref> <ref>PMID:16357870</ref> <ref>PMID:18285464</ref> <ref>PMID:20974918</ref>  [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RBBP4_HUMAN RBBP4_HUMAN]] Core histone-binding subunit that may target chromatin assembly factors, chromatin remodeling factors and histone deacetylases to their histone substrates in a manner that is regulated by nucleosomal DNA. Component of several complexes which regulate chromatin metabolism. These include the chromatin assembly factor 1 (CAF-1) complex, which is required for chromatin assembly following DNA replication and DNA repair; the core histone deacetylase (HDAC) complex, which promotes histone deacetylation and consequent transcriptional repression; the nucleosome remodeling and histone deacetylase complex (the NuRD complex), which promotes transcriptional repression by histone deacetylation and nucleosome remodeling; the PRC2/EED-EZH2 complex, which promotes repression of homeotic genes during development; and the NURF (nucleosome remodeling factor) complex.<ref>PMID:10866654</ref>  
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Transcriptionally repressive histone H3K27 methylation by PRC2 (Polycomb repressive complex 2) is essential for cellular differentiation and development. Here we report cryo-EM structures of human PRC2 in two distinct, active states, while in complex with its cofactors JARID2 and AEBP2. Both cofactors mimic the binding of histone H3 tails. JARID2, methylated by PRC2, mimics a methylated H3 tail to stimulate PRC2 activity, while AEBP2 interacts with the RBAP48 subunit mimicking an unmodified H3 tail. SUZ12 interacts with all other subunits within the assembly and thus contributes to the stability of the complex. Our analysis defines the complete architecture of a functionally relevant PRC2 and provides a structural framework to understand its regulation by cofactors, histone tails and RNA.

Structures of human PRC2 with its cofactors AEBP2 and JARID2.,Kasinath V, Faini M, Poepsel S, Reif D, Feng XA, Stjepanovic G, Aebersold R, Nogales E Science. 2018 Jan 18. pii: science.aar5700. doi: 10.1126/science.aar5700. PMID:29348366<ref>PMID:29348366</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 6c23" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[Histone methyltransferase 3D structures|Histone methyltransferase 3D structures]]
*[[Polycomb|Polycomb]]
*[[Retinoblastoma-binding protein 3D structures|Retinoblastoma-binding protein 3D structures]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</SX>
[[Category: Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase]]
[[Category: Human]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Aebersold, R]]
[[Category: Faini, M]]
[[Category: Feng, A]]
[[Category: Kasinath, V]]
[[Category: Nogales, E]]
[[Category: Poepsel, S]]
[[Category: Reif, D]]
[[Category: Stjepanovic, G]]
[[Category: Aebp2]]
[[Category: Gene regulation]]
[[Category: Histone modification]]
[[Category: Jarid2]]
[[Category: Polycomb repressive complex]]