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==Structural Basis for Autoactivation of Human Mst2 Kinase and Its Regulation by RASSF5==
<StructureSection load='4lgd' size='340' side='right'caption='[[4lgd]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 3.05&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[4lgd]] is a 8 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=4LGD OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4LGD FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 3.05&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=ANP:PHOSPHOAMINOPHOSPHONIC+ACID-ADENYLATE+ESTER'>ANP</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=MG:MAGNESIUM+ION'>MG</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=NA:SODIUM+ION'>NA</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=SO4:SULFATE+ION'>SO4</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4lgd FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=4lgd OCA], [https://pdbe.org/4lgd PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=4lgd RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/4lgd PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=4lgd ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/STK3_HUMAN STK3_HUMAN] Stress-activated, pro-apoptotic kinase which, following caspase-cleavage, enters the nucleus and induces chromatin condensation followed by internucleosomal DNA fragmentation. Key component of the Hippo signaling pathway which plays a pivotal role in organ size control and tumor suppression by restricting proliferation and promoting apoptosis. The core of this pathway is composed of a kinase cascade wherein STK3/MST2 and STK4/MST1, in complex with its regulatory protein SAV1, phosphorylates and activates LATS1/2 in complex with its regulatory protein MOB1, which in turn phosphorylates and inactivates YAP1 oncoprotein and WWTR1/TAZ. Phosphorylation of YAP1 by LATS2 inhibits its translocation into the nucleus to regulate cellular genes important for cell proliferation, cell death, and cell migration. STK3/MST2 and STK4/MST1 are required to repress proliferation of mature hepatocytes, to prevent activation of facultative adult liver stem cells (oval cells), and to inhibit tumor formation. Phosphorylates NKX2-1 (By similarity). Phosphorylates NEK2 and plays a role in centrosome disjunction by regulating the localization of NEK2 to centrosome, and its ability to phosphorylate CROCC and CEP250. In conjunction with SAV1, activates the transcriptional activity of ESR1 through the modulation of its phosphorylation. Positively regulates RAF1 activation via suppression of the inhibitory phosphorylation of RAF1 on 'Ser-259'. Phosphorylates MOBKL1A and RASSF2. Phosphorylates MOBKL1B on 'Thr-74'. Acts cooperatively with MOBKL1B to activate STK38.<ref>PMID:8566796</ref> <ref>PMID:8816758</ref> <ref>PMID:15688006</ref> <ref>PMID:16930133</ref> <ref>PMID:18328708</ref> <ref>PMID:18362890</ref> <ref>PMID:19525978</ref> <ref>PMID:20212043</ref> <ref>PMID:21076410</ref> <ref>PMID:21104395</ref> 
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== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
The tumor-suppressive Hippo pathway controls tissue homeostasis through balancing cell proliferation and apoptosis. Activation of the kinases Mst1 and Mst2 (Mst1/2) is a key upstream event in this pathway and remains poorly understood. Mst1/2 and their critical regulators RASSFs contain Salvador/RASSF1A/Hippo (SARAH) domains that can homo- and heterodimerize. Here, we report the crystal structures of human Mst2 alone and bound to RASSF5. Mst2 undergoes activation through transautophosphorylation at its activation loop, which requires SARAH-mediated homodimerization. RASSF5 disrupts Mst2 homodimer and blocks Mst2 autoactivation. Binding of RASSF5 to already activated Mst2, however, does not inhibit its kinase activity. Thus, RASSF5 can act as an inhibitor or a potential positive regulator of Mst2, depending on whether it binds to Mst2 before or after activation-loop phosphorylation. We propose that these temporally sensitive functions of RASSFs enable the Hippo pathway to respond to and integrate diverse cellular signals.

Structural Basis for Autoactivation of Human Mst2 Kinase and Its Regulation by RASSF5.,Ni L, Li S, Yu J, Min J, Brautigam CA, Tomchick DR, Pan D, Luo X Structure. 2013 Aug 20. pii: S0969-2126(13)00258-X. doi:, 10.1016/j.str.2013.07.008. PMID:23972470<ref>PMID:23972470</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
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<div class="pdbe-citations 4lgd" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[Serine/threonine protein kinase 3D structures|Serine/threonine protein kinase 3D structures]]
== References ==
<references/>
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</StructureSection>
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Luo X]]
[[Category: Ni L]]
[[Category: Tomchick DR]]