View source for 4e7u


==The structure of T3R3 bovine insulin==
<StructureSection load='4e7u' size='340' side='right'caption='[[4e7u]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.30&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[4e7u]] is a 4 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bos_taurus Bos taurus]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=4E7U OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4E7U FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 1.3&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=SCN:THIOCYANATE+ION'>SCN</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=ZN:ZINC+ION'>ZN</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4e7u FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=4e7u OCA], [https://pdbe.org/4e7u PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=4e7u RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/4e7u PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=4e7u ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/INS_BOVIN INS_BOVIN] Insulin decreases blood glucose concentration. It increases cell permeability to monosaccharides, amino acids and fatty acids. It accelerates glycolysis, the pentose phosphate cycle, and glycogen synthesis in liver.
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== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
The crystal structures of three conformations, T(6), T(3)R(3) and R(6), of bovine insulin were solved at 1.40, 1.30 and 1.80 A resolution, respectively. All conformations crystallized in space group R3. In contrast to the T(6) and T(3)R(3) structures, different conformations of the N-terminal B-chain residue PheB1 were observed in the R(6) insulin structure, resulting in an eightfold doubling of the unit-cell volume upon cooling. The zinc coordination in each conformation was studied by X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), including both EXAFS and XANES. Zinc adopts a tetrahedral coordination in all R(3) sites and an octahedral coordination in T(3) sites. The coordination distances were refined from XAS with a standard deviation of &lt;0.01 A. In contrast to the distances determined from the medium-resolution crystal structures, the XAS results were in good agreement with similar coordination geometries found in small molecules, as well as in other high-resolution insulin structures. As the radiation dose for XRD experiments is two orders of magnitude higher compared with that of XAS experiments, the single crystals were exposed to a higher degree of radiation damage that affected the zinc coordination in the T(3) sites in particular. Furthermore, XANES spectra for the zinc sites in T(6) and R(6) insulin were successfully calculated using finite difference methods and the bond distances and angles were optimized from a quantitative XANES analysis.

The structures of T(6), T(3)R(3) and R(6) bovine insulin: combining X-ray diffraction and absorption spectroscopy.,Frankaer CG, Knudsen MV, Noren K, Nazarenko E, Stahl K, Harris P Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 2012 Oct;68(Pt 10):1259-71. Epub 2012 Sep, 13. PMID:22993080<ref>PMID:22993080</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
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<div class="pdbe-citations 4e7u" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[Insulin 3D Structures|Insulin 3D Structures]]
== References ==
<references/>
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</StructureSection>
[[Category: Bos taurus]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Frankaer CG]]
[[Category: Harris P]]
[[Category: Knudsen MV]]