View source for 4cxy


==Crystal structure of human FTO in complex with acylhydrazine inhibitor 21==
<StructureSection load='4cxy' size='340' side='right'caption='[[4cxy]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.65&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[4cxy]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=4CXY OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4CXY FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.65&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=DGR:(E)-4-(2-NICOTINOYLHYDRAZINYL)-4-OXOBUT-2-ENOIC+ACID'>DGR</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=NI:NICKEL+(II)+ION'>NI</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4cxy FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=4cxy OCA], [https://pdbe.org/4cxy PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=4cxy RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/4cxy PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=4cxy ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Disease ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/FTO_HUMAN FTO_HUMAN] Defects in FTO are the cause of growth retardation developmental delay coarse facies and early death (GDFD) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/612938 612938]. A severe polymalformation syndrome characterized by postnatal growth retardation, microcephaly, severe psychomotor delay, functional brain deficits and characteristic facial dysmorphism. In some patients, structural brain malformations, cardiac defects, genital anomalies, and cleft palate are observed. Early death occurs by the age of 3 years.<ref>PMID:19559399</ref> 
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/FTO_HUMAN FTO_HUMAN] Dioxygenase that repairs alkylated DNA and RNA by oxidative demethylation. Has highest activity towards single-stranded RNA containing 3-methyluracil, followed by single-stranded DNA containing 3-methylthymine. Has low demethylase activity towards single-stranded DNA containing 1-methyladenine or 3-methylcytosine. Has no activity towards 1-methylguanine. Has no detectable activity towards double-stranded DNA. Requires molecular oxygen, alpha-ketoglutarate and iron. Contributes to the regulation of the global metabolic rate, energy expenditure and energy homeostasis. Contributes to the regulation of body size and body fat accumulation.<ref>PMID:18775698</ref> <ref>PMID:20376003</ref> 
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
The AlkB family of nucleic acid demethylases are of intense biological and medical interest because of their roles in nucleic acid repair and epigenetic modification. However their functional and molecular mechanisms are unclear, hence, there is strong interest in developing selective inhibitors for them. Here we report the identification of key residues within the nucleotide-binding sites of the AlkB subfamilies that likely determine their substrate specificity. We further provide proof of principle that a strategy exploiting these inherent structural differences can enable selective and potent inhibition of the AlkB subfamilies. This is demonstrated by the first report of a subfamily-selective and cell-active FTO inhibitor 12. The distinct selectivity of 12 for FTO against other AlkB subfamilies and 2OG oxygenases shall be of considerable interest with regards to its potential use as a functional probe. The strategy outlined here is likely applicable to other AlkB subfamilies, and, more widely, to other 2OG oxygenases.

A strategy based on nucleotide specificity leads to a subfamily-selective and cell-active inhibitor of N(6)-methyladenosine demethylase FTO.,Toh JDW, Sun L, Lau LZM, Tan J, Low JJA, Tang CWQ, Cheong EJY, Tan MJH, Chen Y, Hong W, Gao YG, Woon ECY Chem Sci. 2015 Jan 1;6(1):112-122. doi: 10.1039/c4sc02554g. Epub 2014 Sep 22. PMID:28553460<ref>PMID:28553460</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 4cxy" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[Dioxygenase 3D structures|Dioxygenase 3D structures]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Chen Y]]
[[Category: Gao YG]]
[[Category: Hong W]]
[[Category: Lau LZM]]
[[Category: Sun L]]
[[Category: Tan J]]
[[Category: Toh DW]]
[[Category: Woon ECY]]