View source for 3s1k


==The Development of Peptide-based Tools for the Analysis of Angiogenesis==
<StructureSection load='3s1k' size='340' side='right'caption='[[3s1k]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.55&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[3s1k]] is a 4 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3S1K OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3S1K FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.55&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3s1k FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=3s1k OCA], [https://pdbe.org/3s1k PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=3s1k RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/3s1k PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=3s1k ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Disease ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/VEGFA_HUMAN VEGFA_HUMAN] Defects in VEGFA are a cause of susceptibility to microvascular complications of diabetes type 1 (MVCD1) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/603933 603933]. These are pathological conditions that develop in numerous tissues and organs as a consequence of diabetes mellitus. They include diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy leading to end-stage renal disease, and diabetic neuropathy. Diabetic retinopathy remains the major cause of new-onset blindness among diabetic adults. It is characterized by vascular permeability and increased tissue ischemia and angiogenesis.
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/VEGFA_HUMAN VEGFA_HUMAN] Growth factor active in angiogenesis, vasculogenesis and endothelial cell growth. Induces endothelial cell proliferation, promotes cell migration, inhibits apoptosis and induces permeabilization of blood vessels. Binds to the FLT1/VEGFR1 and KDR/VEGFR2 receptors, heparan sulfate and heparin. NRP1/Neuropilin-1 binds isoforms VEGF-165 and VEGF-145. Isoform VEGF165B binds to KDR but does not activate downstream signaling pathways, does not activate angiogenesis and inhibits tumor growth.<ref>PMID:11427521</ref> <ref>PMID:15520188</ref> <ref>PMID:16489009</ref> 
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== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Limitations to the application of molecularly targeted cancer therapies are the inability to accurately match patient with effective treatment and the absence of a prompt readout of posttreatment response. Noninvasive agents that rapidly report vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels using positron emission tomography (PET) have the potential to enhance anti-angiogenesis therapies. Using phage display, two distinct classes of peptides were identified that bind to VEGF with nanomolar affinity and high selectivity. Co-crystal structures of these different peptide classes demonstrate that both bind to the receptor-binding region of VEGF. (18)F-radiolabelling of these peptides facilitated the acquisition of PET images of tumor VEGF levels in a HM7 xenograph model. The images obtained from one 59-residue probe, (18)F-Z-3B, 2 hr postinjection are comparable to those obtained with anti-VEGF antibody B20 72 hr postinjection. Furthermore, VEGF levels in growing SKOV3 tumors were followed using (18)F-Z-3B as a PET probe with VEGF levels increasing with tumor size.

The development of Peptide-based tools for the analysis of angiogenesis.,Fedorova A, Zobel K, Gill HS, Ogasawara A, Flores JE, Tinianow JN, Vanderbilt AN, Wu P, Meng YG, Williams SP, Wiesmann C, Murray J, Marik J, Deshayes K Chem Biol. 2011 Jul 29;18(7):839-45. PMID:21802005<ref>PMID:21802005</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
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<div class="pdbe-citations 3s1k" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[VEGF 3D Structures|VEGF 3D Structures]]
== References ==
<references/>
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</StructureSection>
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Murray JM]]
[[Category: Wiesmann C]]