View source for 3qh0


==X-ray crystal structure of palmitic acid bound to the cyclooxygenase channel of cyclooxygenase-2==
<StructureSection load='3qh0' size='340' side='right'caption='[[3qh0]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.10&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[3qh0]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mus_musculus Mus musculus]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3QH0 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3QH0 FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.1&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=AKR:ACRYLIC+ACID'>AKR</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=BOG:B-OCTYLGLUCOSIDE'>BOG</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=EDO:1,2-ETHANEDIOL'>EDO</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=HSQ:2-(ACETYLAMINO)-2-DEOXY-ALPHA-L-IDOPYRANOSE'>HSQ</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=MAN:ALPHA-D-MANNOSE'>MAN</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=NAG:N-ACETYL-D-GLUCOSAMINE'>NAG</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=NDG:2-(ACETYLAMINO)-2-DEOXY-A-D-GLUCOPYRANOSE'>NDG</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=PLM:PALMITIC+ACID'>PLM</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3qh0 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=3qh0 OCA], [https://pdbe.org/3qh0 PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=3qh0 RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/3qh0 PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=3qh0 ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PGH2_MOUSE PGH2_MOUSE] Mediates the formation of prostaglandins from arachidonate. May have a role as a major mediator of inflammation and/or a role for prostanoid signaling in activity-dependent plasticity.<ref>PMID:12925531</ref> <ref>PMID:20463020</ref> <ref>PMID:20810665</ref> <ref>PMID:21489986</ref> 
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Prostaglandin endoperoxide H synthases 1 and 2, also known as cyclooxygenases (COXs) 1 and 2, convert arachidonic acid (AA) to prostaglandin endoperoxide H(2). Prostaglandin endoperoxide H synthases are targets of nonspecific nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and COX-2-specific inhibitors called coxibs. PGHS-2 is a sequence homodimer. Each monomer has a peroxidase and a COX active site. We find that human PGHS-2 functions as a conformational heterodimer having a catalytic monomer (E(cat)) and an allosteric monomer (E(allo)). Heme binds tightly only to the peroxidase site of E(cat), whereas substrates, as well as certain inhibitors (e.g. celecoxib), bind the COX site of E(cat). E(cat) is regulated by E(allo) in a manner dependent on what ligand is bound to E(allo). Substrate and nonsubstrate fatty acids (FAs) and some COX inhibitors (e.g. naproxen) preferentially bind to the COX site of E(allo). AA can bind to E(cat) and E(allo), but the affinity of AA for E(allo) is 25 times that for E(cat). Palmitic acid, an efficacious stimulator of human PGHS-2, binds only E(allo) in palmitic acid/murine PGHS-2 co-crystals. Nonsubstrate FAs can potentiate or attenuate actions of COX inhibitors depending on the FA and whether the inhibitor binds E(cat) or E(allo). Our studies suggest that the concentration and composition of the free FA pool in the environment in which PGHS-2 functions in cells, the FA tone, is a key factor regulating PGHS-2 activity and its responses to COX inhibitors. We suggest that differences in FA tone occurring with different diets will likely affect both base-line prostanoid synthesis and responses to COX inhibitors.

Human cyclooxygenase-2 is a sequence homodimer that functions as a conformational heterodimer.,Dong L, Vecchio AJ, Sharma NP, Jurban BJ, Malkowski MG, Smith WL J Biol Chem. 2011 May 27;286(21):19035-46. Epub 2011 Apr 5. PMID:21467029<ref>PMID:21467029</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
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<div class="pdbe-citations 3qh0" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[Cyclooxygenase 3D structures|Cyclooxygenase 3D structures]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Mus musculus]]
[[Category: Malkowski MG]]
[[Category: Vecchio AJ]]