View source for 3hdm


==Crystal structure of serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 in complex with compound 1==
<StructureSection load='3hdm' size='340' side='right'caption='[[3hdm]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.60&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[3hdm]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3HDM OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3HDM FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.6&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=MMG:4-(5-PHENYL-1H-PYRROLO[2,3-B]PYRIDIN-3-YL)BENZOIC+ACID'>MMG</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3hdm FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=3hdm OCA], [https://pdbe.org/3hdm PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=3hdm RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/3hdm PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=3hdm ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SGK1_HUMAN SGK1_HUMAN] Serine/threonine-protein kinase which is involved in the regulation of a wide variety of ion channels, membrane transporters, cellular enzymes, transcription factors, neuronal excitability, cell growth, proliferation, survival, migration and apoptosis. Plays an important role in cellular stress response. Contributes to regulation of renal Na(+) retention, renal K(+) elimination, salt appetite, gastric acid secretion, intestinal Na(+)/H(+) exchange and nutrient transport, insulin-dependent salt sensitivity of blood pressure, salt sensitivity of peripheral glucose uptake, cardiac repolarization and memory consolidation. Up-regulates Na(+) channels: SCNN1A/ENAC, SCN5A and ASIC1/ACCN2, K(+) channels: KCNJ1/ROMK1, KCNA1-5, KCNQ1-5 and KCNE1, epithelial Ca(2+) channels: TRPV5 and TRPV6, chloride channels: BSND, CLCN2 and CFTR, glutamate transporters: SLC1A3/EAAT1, SLC1A2 /EAAT2, SLC1A1/EAAT3, SLC1A6/EAAT4 and SLC1A7/EAAT5, amino acid transporters: SLC1A5/ASCT2, SLC38A1/SN1 and SLC6A19, creatine transporter: SLC6A8, Na(+)/dicarboxylate cotransporter: SLC13A2/NADC1, Na(+)-dependent phosphate cotransporter: SLC34A2/NAPI-2B, glutamate receptor: GRIK2/GLUR6. Up-regulates carriers: SLC9A3/NHE3, SLC12A1/NKCC2, SLC12A3/NCC, SLC5A3/SMIT, SLC2A1/GLUT1, SLC5A1/SGLT1 and SLC15A2/PEPT2. Regulates enzymes: GSK3A/B, PMM2 and Na(+)/K(+) ATPase, and transcription factors: CTNNB1 and nuclear factor NF-kappa-B. Stimulates sodium transport into epithelial cells by enhancing the stability and expression of SCNN1A/ENAC. This is achieved by phosphorylating the NEDD4L ubiquitin E3 ligase, promoting its interaction with 14-3-3 proteins, thereby preventing it from binding to SCNN1A/ENAC and targeting it for degradation. Regulates store-operated Ca(+2) entry (SOCE) by stimulating ORAI1 and STIM1. Regulates KCNJ1/ROMK1 directly via its phosphorylation or indirectly via increased interaction with SLC9A3R2/NHERF2. Phosphorylates MDM2 and activates MDM2-dependent ubiquitination of p53/TP53. Phosphorylates MAPT/TAU and mediates microtubule depolymerization and neurite formation in hippocampal neurons. Phosphorylates SLC2A4/GLUT4 and up-regulates its activity. Phosphorylates APBB1/FE65 and promotes its localization to the nucleus. Phosphorylates MAPK1/ERK2 and activates it by enhancing its interaction with MAP2K1/MEK1 and MAP2K2/MEK2. Phosphorylates FBXW7 and plays an inhibitory role in the NOTCH1 signaling. Phosphorylates FOXO1 resulting in its relocalization from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Phosphorylates FOXO3, promoting its exit from the nucleus and interference with FOXO3-dependent transcription. Phosphorylates BRAF and MAP3K3/MEKK3 and inhibits their activity. Phosphorylates SLC9A3/NHE3 in response to dexamethasone, resulting in its activation and increased localization at the cell membrane. Phosphorylates CREB1. Necessary for vascular remodeling during angiogenesis. Sustained high levels and activity may contribute to conditions such as hypertension and diabetic nephropathy. Isoform 2 exhibited a greater effect on cell plasma membrane expression of SCNN1A/ENAC and Na(+) transport than isoform 1.<ref>PMID:18753299</ref> <ref>PMID:11410590</ref> <ref>PMID:11154281</ref> <ref>PMID:11696533</ref> <ref>PMID:12590200</ref> <ref>PMID:12397388</ref> <ref>PMID:14623317</ref> <ref>PMID:12650886</ref> <ref>PMID:12761204</ref> <ref>PMID:12911626</ref> <ref>PMID:12634932</ref> <ref>PMID:15044175</ref> <ref>PMID:14706641</ref> <ref>PMID:15319523</ref> <ref>PMID:15234985</ref> <ref>PMID:15040001</ref> <ref>PMID:15496163</ref> <ref>PMID:15888551</ref> <ref>PMID:15845389</ref> <ref>PMID:15737648</ref> <ref>PMID:16036218</ref> <ref>PMID:15733869</ref> <ref>PMID:16443776</ref> <ref>PMID:16982696</ref> <ref>PMID:17382906</ref> <ref>PMID:18005662</ref> <ref>PMID:18304449</ref> <ref>PMID:19447520</ref> <ref>PMID:19756449</ref> <ref>PMID:20511718</ref> <ref>PMID:20730100</ref> <ref>PMID:21865597</ref> 
== Evolutionary Conservation ==
[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]]
Check<jmol>
  <jmolCheckbox>
    <scriptWhenChecked>; select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/hd/3hdm_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
    <scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview03.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>
    <text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
  </jmolCheckbox>
</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=3hdm ConSurf].
<div style="clear:both"></div>
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== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
The lead serum and glucocorticoid-related kinase 1 (SGK1) inhibitors 4-(5-phenyl-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-3-yl)benzoic acid (1) and {4-[5-(2-naphthalenyl)-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-3-yl]phenyl}acetic acid (2) suffer from low DNAUC values in rat, due in part to formation and excretion of glucuronic acid conjugates. These PK/glucuronidation issues were addressed either by incorporating a substituent on the 3-phenyl ring ortho to the key carboxylate functionality of 1 or by substituting on the group in between the carboxylate and phenyl ring of 2. Three of these analogs have been identified as having good SGK1 inhibition potency and have DNAUC values suitable for in vivo testing.

Design and synthesis of orally bioavailable serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 (SGK1) inhibitors.,Hammond M, Washburn DG, Hoang HT, Manns S, Frazee JS, Nakamura H, Patterson JR, Trizna W, Wu C, Azzarano LM, Nagilla R, Nord M, Trejo R, Head MS, Zhao B, Smallwood AM, Hightower K, Laping NJ, Schnackenberg CG, Thompson SK Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2009 Aug 1;19(15):4441-5. Epub 2009 May 18. PMID:19497745<ref>PMID:19497745</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
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<div class="pdbe-citations 3hdm" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[Serine/threonine protein kinase 3D structures|Serine/threonine protein kinase 3D structures]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Hammond M]]
[[Category: Zhao B]]