View source for 3c8s


==Contributions of all 20 amino acids at site 96 to the stability and structure of T4 lysozyme==
<StructureSection load='3c8s' size='340' side='right'caption='[[3c8s]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.68&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[3c8s]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escherichia_virus_T4 Escherichia virus T4]. This structure supersedes the now removed PDB entry [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/send-pdb?obs=1&id=2nzn 2nzn]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3C8S OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3C8S FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 1.68&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=BME:BETA-MERCAPTOETHANOL'>BME</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=CL:CHLORIDE+ION'>CL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=K:POTASSIUM+ION'>K</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3c8s FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=3c8s OCA], [https://pdbe.org/3c8s PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=3c8s RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/3c8s PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=3c8s ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/ENLYS_BPT4 ENLYS_BPT4] Endolysin with lysozyme activity that degrades host peptidoglycans and participates with the holin and spanin proteins in the sequential events which lead to the programmed host cell lysis releasing the mature viral particles. Once the holin has permeabilized the host cell membrane, the endolysin can reach the periplasm and break down the peptidoglycan layer.<ref>PMID:22389108</ref> 
== Evolutionary Conservation ==
[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]]
Check<jmol>
  <jmolCheckbox>
    <scriptWhenChecked>; select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/c8/3c8s_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
    <scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>
    <text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
  </jmolCheckbox>
</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=3c8s ConSurf].
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== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
To try to resolve the loss of stability in the temperature-sensitive mutant of T4 lysozyme, Arg 96 --&gt; His, all of the remaining 18 naturally occurring amino acids were substituted at site 96. Also, in response to suggestions that the charged residues Lys85 and Asp89, which are 5-8 A away, may have important effects, each of these amino acids was replaced with alanine. Crystal structures were determined for many of the variants. With the exception of the tryptophan and valine mutants R96W and R96V, the crystallographic analysis shows that the substituted side chain following the path of Arg96 in wildtype (WT). The melting temperatures of the variants decrease by up to approximately 16 degrees C with WT being most stable. There are two site 96 replacements, with lysine or glutamine, that leave the stability close to that of WT. The only element that the side chains of these residues have in common with the WT arginine is the set of three carbon atoms at the C(alpha), C(beta), and C(gamma) positions. Although each side chain is long and flexible with a polar group at the distal position, the details of the hydrogen bonding to the rest of the protein differ in each case. Also, the glutamine replacement lacks a positive charge. This shows that there is some adaptability in achieving full stabilization at this site. At the other extreme, to be maximally destabilizing a mutation at site 96 must not only eliminate favorable interactions but also introduce an unfavorable element such as steric strain or a hydrogen-bonding group that remains unsatisfied. Overall, the study highlights the essential need for atomic resolution site-specific structural information to understand and to predict the stability of mutant proteins. It can be very misleading to simply assume that conservative amino acid substitutions cause small changes in stability, whereas large stability changes are associated with nonconservative replacements.

Contributions of all 20 amino acids at site 96 to the stability and structure of T4 lysozyme.,Mooers BH, Baase WA, Wray JW, Matthews BW Protein Sci. 2009 May;18(5):871-80. PMID:19384988<ref>PMID:19384988</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
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<div class="pdbe-citations 3c8s" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[Lysozyme 3D structures|Lysozyme 3D structures]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Escherichia virus T4]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Mooers BHM]]