View source for 2nb1


==P63/p73 hetero-tetramerisation domain==
<StructureSection load='2nb1' size='340' side='right'caption='[[2nb1]]' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[2nb1]] is a 4 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full experimental information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2NB1 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2NB1 FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2nb1 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=2nb1 OCA], [https://pdbe.org/2nb1 PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=2nb1 RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/2nb1 PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=2nb1 ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Disease ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P63_HUMAN P63_HUMAN] Defects in TP63 are the cause of acro-dermato-ungual-lacrimal-tooth syndrome (ADULT syndrome) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/103285 103285]; a form of ectodermal dysplasia. Ectodermal dysplasias (EDs) constitute a heterogeneous group of developmental disorders affecting tissues of ectodermal origin. EDs are characterized by abnormal development of two or more ectodermal structures such as hair, teeth, nails and sweat glands, with or without any additional clinical sign. Each combination of clinical features represents a different type of ectodermal dysplasia. ADULT syndrome involves ectrodactyly, syndactyly, finger- and toenail dysplasia, hypoplastic breasts and nipples, intensive freckling, lacrimal duct atresia, frontal alopecia, primary hypodontia, and loss of permanent teeth. ADULT differs significantly from EEC3 syndrome by the absence of facial clefting.  Defects in TP63 are the cause of ankyloblepharon-ectodermal defects-cleft lip/palate (AEC) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/106260 106260]. AEC is an autosomal dominant condition characterized by congenital ectodermal dysplasia with coarse, wiry, sparse hair, dystrophic nails, slight hypohidrosis, scalp infections, ankyloblepharon filiform adnatum, maxillary hypoplasia, hypodontia and cleft lip/palate.<ref>PMID:11159940</ref>   Defects in TP63 are the cause of ectrodactyly-ectodermal dysplasia-cleft lip/palate syndrome type 3 (EEC3) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/604292 604292]. EEC3 is an autosomal dominant syndrome characterized by ectrodactyly of hands and feet, ectodermal dysplasia and facial clefting.<ref>PMID:10535733</ref> <ref>PMID:10839977</ref> <ref>PMID:11462173</ref> <ref>PMID:12838557</ref>   Defects in TP63 are the cause of split-hand/foot malformation type 4 (SHFM4) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/605289 605289]. Split-hand/split-foot malformation is a limb malformation involving the central rays of the autopod and presenting with syndactyly, median clefts of the hands and feet, and aplasia and/or hypoplasia of the phalanges, metacarpals, and metatarsals. There is restricted overlap between the mutational spectra of EEC3 and SHFM4.<ref>PMID:10839977</ref> <ref>PMID:11462173</ref>   Defects in TP63 are the cause of limb-mammary syndrome (LMS) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/603543 603543]. LMS is characterized by ectrodactyly, cleft palate and mammary-gland abnormalities.<ref>PMID:11462173</ref>   Note=Defects in TP63 are a cause of cervical, colon, head and neck, lung and ovarian cancers.  Defects in TP63 are a cause of ectodermal dysplasia Rapp-Hodgkin type (EDRH) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/129400 129400]; also called Rapp-Hodgkin syndrome or anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia with cleft lip/palate. Ectodermal dysplasia defines a heterogeneous group of disorders due to abnormal development of two or more ectodermal structures. EDRH is characterized by the combination of anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, cleft lip, and cleft palate. The clinical syndrome is comprised of a characteristic facies (narrow nose and small mouth), wiry, slow-growing, and uncombable hair, sparse eyelashes and eyebrows, obstructed lacrimal puncta/epiphora, bilateral stenosis of external auditory canals, microsomia, hypodontia, cone-shaped incisors, enamel hypoplasia, dystrophic nails, and cleft lip/cleft palate.<ref>PMID:12939657</ref> <ref>PMID:12766194</ref> <ref>PMID:15200513</ref> <ref>PMID:16740912</ref>   Defects in TP63 are the cause of non-syndromic orofacial cleft type 8 (OFC8) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/129400 129400]. Non-syndromic orofacial cleft is a common birth defect consisting of cleft lips with or without cleft palate. Cleft lips are associated with cleft palate in two-third of cases. A cleft lip can occur on one or both sides and range in severity from a simple notch in the upper lip to a complete opening in the lip extending into the floor of the nostril and involving the upper gum.
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P63_HUMAN P63_HUMAN] Acts as a sequence specific DNA binding transcriptional activator or repressor. The isoforms contain a varying set of transactivation and auto-regulating transactivation inhibiting domains thus showing an isoform specific activity. Isoform 2 activates RIPK4 transcription. May be required in conjunction with TP73/p73 for initiation of p53/TP53 dependent apoptosis in response to genotoxic insults and the presence of activated oncogenes. Involved in Notch signaling by probably inducing JAG1 and JAG2. Plays a role in the regulation of epithelial morphogenesis. The ratio of DeltaN-type and TA*-type isoforms may govern the maintenance of epithelial stem cell compartments and regulate the initiation of epithelial stratification from the undifferentiated embryonal ectoderm. Required for limb formation from the apical ectodermal ridge. Activates transcription of the p21 promoter.<ref>PMID:9774969</ref> <ref>PMID:11641404</ref> <ref>PMID:12446779</ref> <ref>PMID:12446784</ref> <ref>PMID:12374749</ref> <ref>PMID:20123734</ref> <ref>PMID:22197488</ref> 
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== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Members of the p53 tumor-suppressor family are expressed as multiple isoforms. Isoforms with an N-terminal transactivation domain are transcriptionally active, while those ones lacking this domain often inhibit the transcriptional activity of other family members. In squamous cell carcinomas, the high expression level of DeltaNp63alpha inhibits the tumor-suppressor function of TAp73beta. This can in principle be due to blocking of the promoter or by direct interaction between both proteins. p63 and p73 can hetero-oligomerize through their tetramerization domains and a hetero-tetramer consisting of two p63 and two p73 molecules is thermodynamically more stable than both homo-tetramers. Here we show that cells expressing both p63 and p73 exist in mouse epidermis and hair follicle and that hetero-tetramer complexes can be detected by immunoprecipitation in differentiating keratinocytes. Through structure determination of the hetero-tetramer, we reveal why this hetero-tetramer is the thermodynamically preferred species. We have created mutants that exclusively form either hetero-tetramers or homo-tetramers, allowing to investigate the function of these p63/p73 hetero-tetramers. Using these tools, we show that inhibition of TAp73beta in squamous cell carcinomas is due to promoter squelching and not direct interaction.Cell Death and Differentiation advance online publication, 7 October 2016; doi:10.1038/cdd.2016.83.

Mechanism of TAp73 inhibition by DeltaNp63 and structural basis of p63/p73 hetero-tetramerization.,Gebel J, Luh LM, Coutandin D, Osterburg C, Lohr F, Schafer B, Frombach AS, Sumyk M, Buchner L, Krojer T, Salah E, Mathea S, Guntert P, Knapp S, Dotsch V Cell Death Differ. 2016 Oct 7. doi: 10.1038/cdd.2016.83. PMID:27716744<ref>PMID:27716744</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
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<div class="pdbe-citations 2nb1" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[P63|P63]]
*[[P73|P73]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Buchner L]]
[[Category: Coutandin D]]
[[Category: Doetsch V]]
[[Category: Gebel J]]
[[Category: Guentert P]]
[[Category: Loehr FM]]
[[Category: Luh LM]]