View source for 2amp


==Crystal Structure Of Porcine Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus Mpro in Complex with an Inhibitor N1==
<StructureSection load='2amp' size='340' side='right'caption='[[2amp]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.70&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[2amp]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmissible_gastroenteritis_virus Transmissible gastroenteritis virus]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2AMP OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2AMP FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.7&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=I12:N-[(5-METHYLISOXAZOL-3-YL)CARBONYL]-L-ALANYL-L-VALYL-N~1~-((1S)-4-ETHOXY-4-OXO-1-{[(3S)-2-OXOPYRROLIDIN-3-YL]METHYL}BUT-2-ENYL)-L-LEUCINAMIDE'>I12</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2amp FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=2amp OCA], [https://pdbe.org/2amp PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=2amp RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/2amp PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=2amp ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/R1AB_CVPPU R1AB_CVPPU] The replicase polyprotein of coronaviruses is a multifunctional protein: it contains the activities necessary for the transcription of negative stranded RNA, leader RNA, subgenomic mRNAs and progeny virion RNA as well as proteinases responsible for the cleavage of the polyprotein into functional products.  The papain-like proteinase 1 (PLP1) and papain-like proteinase 2 (PLP2) are responsible for the cleavages located at the N-terminus of the replicase polyprotein. In addition, PLP2 possesses a deubiquitinating/deISGylating activity and processes both 'Lys-48'- and 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitin chains from cellular substrates. PLP2 also antagonizes innate immune induction of type I interferon by blocking the nuclear translocation of host IRF-3 (By similarity).  The main proteinase 3CL-PRO is responsible for the majority of cleavages as it cleaves the C-terminus of replicase polyprotein at 11 sites. Recognizes substrates containing the core sequence [ILMVF]-Q-|-[SAGC]. Inhibited by the substrate-analog Cbz-Val-Asn-Ser-Thr-Leu-Gln-CMK.  The helicase which contains a zinc finger structure displays RNA and DNA duplex-unwinding activities with 5' to 3' polarity. ATPase activity is strongly stimulated by poly(U), poly(dT), poly(C), poly(dA), but not by poly(G).  The exoribonuclease acts on both ssRNA and dsRNA in a 3' to 5' direction (By similarity).  Nsp7-nsp8 hexadecamer may possibly confer processivity to the polymerase, maybe by binding to dsRNA or by producing primers utilized by the latter (By similarity).  Nsp9 is a ssRNA-binding protein (By similarity).  NendoU is a Mn(2+)-dependent, uridylate-specific enzyme, which leaves 2'-3'-cyclic phosphates 5' to the cleaved bond (By similarity).
== Evolutionary Conservation ==
[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]]
Check<jmol>
  <jmolCheckbox>
    <scriptWhenChecked>; select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/am/2amp_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
    <scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview03.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>
    <text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
  </jmolCheckbox>
</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=2amp ConSurf].
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== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
The genus Coronavirus contains about 25 species of coronaviruses (CoVs), which are important pathogens causing highly prevalent diseases and often severe or fatal in humans and animals. No licensed specific drugs are available to prevent their infection. Different host receptors for cellular entry, poorly conserved structural proteins (antigens), and the high mutation and recombination rates of CoVs pose a significant problem in the development of wide-spectrum anti-CoV drugs and vaccines. CoV main proteases (M(pro)s), which are key enzymes in viral gene expression and replication, were revealed to share a highly conservative substrate-recognition pocket by comparison of four crystal structures and a homology model representing all three genetic clusters of the genus Coronavirus. This conclusion was further supported by enzyme activity assays. Mechanism-based irreversible inhibitors were designed, based on this conserved structural region, and a uniform inhibition mechanism was elucidated from the structures of Mpro-inhibitor complexes from severe acute respiratory syndrome-CoV and porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus. A structure-assisted optimization program has yielded compounds with fast in vitro inactivation of multiple CoV M(pro)s, potent antiviral activity, and extremely low cellular toxicity in cell-based assays. Further modification could rapidly lead to the discovery of a single agent with clinical potential against existing and possible future emerging CoV-related diseases.

Design of wide-spectrum inhibitors targeting coronavirus main proteases.,Yang H, Xie W, Xue X, Yang K, Ma J, Liang W, Zhao Q, Zhou Z, Pei D, Ziebuhr J, Hilgenfeld R, Yuen KY, Wong L, Gao G, Chen S, Chen Z, Ma D, Bartlam M, Rao Z PLoS Biol. 2005 Oct;3(10):e324. Epub 2005 Sep 6. PMID:16128623<ref>PMID:16128623</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
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<div class="pdbe-citations 2amp" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[Virus protease 3D structures|Virus protease 3D structures]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Transmissible gastroenteritis virus]]
[[Category: Bartlam M]]
[[Category: Rao Z]]
[[Category: Xue X]]
[[Category: Yang H]]
[[Category: Yang K]]
[[Category: Zhao Q]]