View source for 2afu


==Crystal structure of human glutaminyl cyclase in complex with glutamine t-butyl ester==
<StructureSection load='2afu' size='340' side='right'caption='[[2afu]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.22&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[2afu]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2AFU OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2AFU FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.22&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=BGT:TERT-BUTYL+D-ALPHA-GLUTAMINATE'>BGT</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=ZN:ZINC+ION'>ZN</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2afu FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=2afu OCA], [https://pdbe.org/2afu PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=2afu RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/2afu PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=2afu ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/QPCT_HUMAN QPCT_HUMAN] Responsible for the biosynthesis of pyroglutamyl peptides. Has a bias against acidic and tryptophan residues adjacent to the N-terminal glutaminyl residue and a lack of importance of chain length after the second residue. Also catalyzes N-terminal pyroglutamate formation. In vitro, catalyzes pyroglutamate formation of N-terminally truncated form of APP amyloid-beta peptides [Glu-3]-beta-amyloid. May be involved in the N-terminal pyroglutamate formation of several amyloid-related plaque-forming peptides.<ref>PMID:15063747</ref> <ref>PMID:18486145</ref> <ref>PMID:21288892</ref> 
== Evolutionary Conservation ==
[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]]
Check<jmol>
  <jmolCheckbox>
    <scriptWhenChecked>; select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/af/2afu_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
    <scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>
    <text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
  </jmolCheckbox>
</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=2afu ConSurf].
<div style="clear:both"></div>
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== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
N-terminal pyroglutamate (pGlu) formation from its glutaminyl (or glutamyl) precursor is required in the maturation of numerous bioactive peptides. The aberrant formation of pGlu may be related to several pathological processes, such as osteoporosis and amyloidotic diseases. This N-terminal cyclization reaction, once thought to proceed spontaneously, is greatly facilitated by the enzyme glutaminyl cyclase (QC). To probe this important but poorly understood modification, we present here the structure of human QC in free form and bound to a substrate and three imidazole-derived inhibitors. The structure reveals an alpha/beta scaffold akin to that of two-zinc exopeptidases but with several insertions and deletions, particularly in the active-site region. The relatively closed active site displays alternate conformations due to the different indole orientations of Trp-207, resulting in two substrate (glutamine t-butyl ester)-binding modes. The single zinc ion in the active site is coordinated to three conserved residues and one water molecule, which is replaced by an imidazole nitrogen upon binding of the inhibitors. Together with structural and kinetic analyses of several active-site-mutant enzymes, a catalysis mechanism of the formation of protein N-terminal pGlu is proposed. Our results provide a structural basis for the rational design of inhibitors against QC-associated disorders.

Crystal structures of human glutaminyl cyclase, an enzyme responsible for protein N-terminal pyroglutamate formation.,Huang KF, Liu YL, Cheng WJ, Ko TP, Wang AH Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 Sep 13;102(37):13117-22. Epub 2005 Aug 31. PMID:16135565<ref>PMID:16135565</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
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<div class="pdbe-citations 2afu" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[Glutaminyl cyclase|Glutaminyl cyclase]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Cheng WJ]]
[[Category: Huang KF]]
[[Category: Ko TP]]
[[Category: Liu YL]]
[[Category: Wang AHJ]]