View source for 1vsu


==Crystal Structure of Apo-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase from Cryptosporidium parvum==
<StructureSection load='1vsu' size='340' side='right'caption='[[1vsu]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.20&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1vsu]] is a 4 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptosporidium_parvum Cryptosporidium parvum]. This structure supersedes the now removed PDB entry [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/send-pdb?obs=1&id=3chz 3chz]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1VSU OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1VSU FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.2&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1vsu FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1vsu OCA], [https://pdbe.org/1vsu PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1vsu RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1vsu PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1vsu ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q7YYQ9_CRYPV Q7YYQ9_CRYPV] 
== Evolutionary Conservation ==
[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]]
Check<jmol>
  <jmolCheckbox>
    <scriptWhenChecked>; select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/vs/1vsu_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
    <scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>
    <text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
  </jmolCheckbox>
</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=1vsu ConSurf].
<div style="clear:both"></div>
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
BACKGROUND: The structure, function and reaction mechanism of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) have been extensively studied. Based on these studies, three anion binding sites have been identified, one 'Ps' site (for binding the C-3 phosphate of the substrate) and two sites, 'Pi' and 'new Pi', for inorganic phosphate. According to the original flip-flop model, the substrate phosphate group switches from the 'Pi' to the 'Ps' site during the multistep reaction. In light of the discovery of the 'new Pi' site, a modified flip-flop mechanism, in which the C-3 phosphate of the substrate binds to the 'new Pi' site and flips to the 'Ps' site before the hydride transfer, was proposed. An alternative model based on a number of structures of B. stearothermophilus GAPDH ternary complexes (non-covalent and thioacyl intermediate) proposes that in the ternary Michaelis complex the C-3 phosphate binds to the 'Ps' site and flips from the 'Ps' to the 'new Pi' site during or after the redox step. RESULTS: We determined the crystal structure of Cryptosporidium parvum GAPDH in the apo and holo (enzyme + NAD) state and the structure of the ternary enzyme-cofactor-substrate complex using an active site mutant enzyme. The C. parvum GAPDH complex was prepared by pre-incubating the enzyme with substrate and cofactor, thereby allowing free movement of the protein structure and substrate molecules during their initial encounter. Sulfate and phosphate ions were excluded from purification and crystallization steps. The quality of the electron density map at 2A resolution allowed unambiguous positioning of the substrate. In three subunits of the homotetramer the C-3 phosphate group of the non-covalently bound substrate is in the 'new Pi' site. A concomitant movement of the phosphate binding loop is observed in these three subunits. In the fourth subunit the C-3 phosphate occupies an unexpected site not seen before and the phosphate binding loop remains in the substrate-free conformation. Orientation of the substrate with respect to the active site histidine and serine (in the mutant enzyme) also varies in different subunits. CONCLUSION: The structures of the C. parvum GAPDH ternary complex and other GAPDH complexes demonstrate the plasticity of the substrate binding site. We propose that the active site of GAPDH can accommodate the substrate in multiple conformations at multiple locations during the initial encounter. However, the C-3 phosphate group clearly prefers the 'new Pi' site for initial binding in the active site.

An unexpected phosphate binding site in glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase: crystal structures of apo, holo and ternary complex of Cryptosporidium parvum enzyme.,Cook WJ, Senkovich O, Chattopadhyay D BMC Struct Biol. 2009 Feb 25;9:9. PMID:19243605<ref>PMID:19243605</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 1vsu" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[Aldehyde dehydrogenase 3D structures|Aldehyde dehydrogenase 3D structures]]
*[[Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 3D structures|Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 3D structures]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Cryptosporidium parvum]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Chattopadhyay D]]
[[Category: Cook WJ]]
[[Category: Senkovich O]]