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==Plk1 polo-box domain bound to HPV4 L2 residues 251-257 with pThr255==
<StructureSection load='8joy' size='340' side='right'caption='[[8joy]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.61&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[8joy]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_papillomavirus_4 Human papillomavirus 4]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=8JOY OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=8JOY FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.61&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=TPO:PHOSPHOTHREONINE'>TPO</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=8joy FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=8joy OCA], [https://pdbe.org/8joy PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=8joy RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/8joy PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=8joy ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/VL2_HPV04 VL2_HPV04] Minor protein of the capsid that localizes along the inner surface of the virion, within the central cavities beneath the L1 pentamers. Plays a role in capsid stabilization through interaction with the major capsid protein L1. Once the virion enters the host cell, L2 escorts the genomic DNA into the nucleus by promoting escape from the endosomal compartments and traffic through the host Golgi network. Mechanistically, the C-terminus of L2 possesses a cell-penetrating peptide that protudes from the host endosome, interacts with host cytoplasmic retromer cargo and thereby mediates the capsid delivery to the host trans-Golgi network. Plays a role through its interaction with host dynein in the intracellular microtubule-dependent transport of viral capsid toward the nucleus. Mediates the viral genome import into the nucleus through binding to host importins. Once within the nucleus, L2 localizes viral genomes to host PML bodies in order to activate early gene expression for establishment of infection. Later on, promotes late gene expression by interacting with the viral E2 protein and by inhibiting its transcriptional activation functions. During virion assembly, encapsidates the genome by direct interaction with the viral DNA.
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== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) can increase the proliferation of infected cells during HPV-driven abnormalities, such as cervical cancer or benign warts. To date, more than 200 HPV genotypes have been identified, most of which are classified into three major genera: Alphapapillomavirus, Betapapillomavirus, and Gammapapillomavirus. HPV genomes commonly encode two structural (L1 and L2) and seven functional (E1, E2, E4-E7, and E8) proteins. L2, the minor structural protein of HPVs, not only serves as a viral capsid component but also interacts with various human proteins during viral infection. A recent report revealed that L2 of HPV16 recruits polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1), a master regulator of eukaryotic mitosis and cell cycle progression, for the delivery of viral DNA to mitotic chromatin during HPV16 infection. In this study, we verified the direct and potent interactions between the polo-box domain (PBD) of Plk1 and PBD-binding motif (S-S-pT-P)-containing phosphopeptides derived from L2 of HPV16/HPV18 (high-risk alphapapillomaviruses), HPV5b (low-risk betapapillomavirus), and HPV4 (low-risk gammapapillomavirus). Subsequent structural determination of the Plk1 PBD bound to the HPV18 or HPV4 L2-derived phosphopeptide demonstrated that they interact with each other in a canonical manner, in which electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonds play key roles in sustaining the complex. Therefore, our structural and biochemical data imply that Plk1 is a broad binding target of L2 of various HPV genotypes belonging to the Alpha-, Beta-, and Gammapapillomavirus genera.

Crystal Structures of Plk1 Polo-Box Domain Bound to the Human Papillomavirus Minor Capsid Protein L2-Derived Peptide.,Jung S, Lee HS, Shin HC, Choi JS, Kim SJ, Ku B J Microbiol. 2023 Aug;61(8):755-764. doi: 10.1007/s12275-023-00071-3. Epub 2023 , Sep 8. PMID:37684534<ref>PMID:37684534</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
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== References ==
<references/>
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</StructureSection>
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Human papillomavirus 4]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Jung S]]
[[Category: Ku B]]