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==Crystal structure of hemagglutinin from H1N1 Influenza A virus A/Denver/57 bound to the C05 antibody==
<StructureSection load='6ml8' size='340' side='right'caption='[[6ml8]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.92&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[6ml8]] is a 4 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Influenza_A_virus_(A/Denver/1957(H1N1)) Influenza A virus (A/Denver/1957(H1N1))]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=6ML8 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6ML8 FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=BMA:BETA-D-MANNOSE'>BMA</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=MAN:ALPHA-D-MANNOSE'>MAN</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=NAG:N-ACETYL-D-GLUCOSAMINE'>NAG</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6ml8 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=6ml8 OCA], [https://pdbe.org/6ml8 PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=6ml8 RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/6ml8 PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=6ml8 ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q2IBI1_9INFA Q2IBI1_9INFA] Binds to sialic acid-containing receptors on the cell surface, bringing about the attachment of the virus particle to the cell. This attachment induces virion internalization either through clathrin-dependent endocytosis or through clathrin- and caveolin-independent pathway. Plays a major role in the determination of host range restriction and virulence. Class I viral fusion protein. Responsible for penetration of the virus into the cell cytoplasm by mediating the fusion of the membrane of the endocytosed virus particle with the endosomal membrane. Low pH in endosomes induces an irreversible conformational change in HA2, releasing the fusion hydrophobic peptide. Several trimers are required to form a competent fusion pore.[HAMAP-Rule:MF_04072][SAAS:SAAS01039073]  Binds to sialic acid-containing receptors on the cell surface, bringing about the attachment of the virus particle to the cell. This attachment induces virion internalization of about two third of the virus particles through clathrin-dependent endocytosis and about one third through a clathrin- and caveolin-independent pathway. Plays a major role in the determination of host range restriction and virulence. Class I viral fusion protein. Responsible for penetration of the virus into the cell cytoplasm by mediating the fusion of the membrane of the endocytosed virus particle with the endosomal membrane. Low pH in endosomes induces an irreversible conformational change in HA2, releasing the fusion hydrophobic peptide. Several trimers are required to form a competent fusion pore.[RuleBase:RU003324]
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== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Influenza virus (IV) causes several outbreaks of the flu each year resulting in an economic burden to the healthcare system in the billions of dollars. Several influenza pandemics have occurred during the last century and estimated to have caused 100 million deaths. There are four genera of IV, A (IVA), B (IVB), C (IVC), and D (IVD), with IVA being the most virulent to the human population. Hemagglutinin (HA) is an IVA surface protein that allows the virus to attach to host cell receptors and enter the cell. Here we have characterised the high-resolution structures of seven IVA HAs, with one in complex with the anti-influenza head-binding antibody C05. Our analysis revealed conserved receptor binding residues in all structures, as seen in previously characterised IV HAs. Amino acid conservation is more prevalent on the stalk than the receptor binding domain (RBD; also called the head domain), allowing the virus to escape from antibodies targeting the RBD. The equivalent site of C05 antibody binding to A/Denver/57 HA appears hypervariable in the other H1N1 IV HAs. Modifications within this region appear to disrupt binding of the C05 antibody, as these HAs no longer bind the C05 antibody by analytical SEC. Our study brings new insights into the structural and functional recognition of IV HA proteins and can contribute to further development of anti-influenza vaccines.

Structural characterisation of hemagglutinin from seven Influenza A H1N1 strains reveal diversity in the C05 antibody recognition site.,Ghafoori SM, Petersen GF, Conrady DG, Calhoun BM, Stigliano MZZ, Baydo RO, Grice R, Abendroth J, Lorimer DD, Edwards TE, Forwood JK Sci Rep. 2023 Apr 28;13(1):6940. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-33529-w. PMID:37117205<ref>PMID:37117205</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 6ml8" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[Antibody 3D structures|Antibody 3D structures]]
*[[Hemagglutinin 3D structures|Hemagglutinin 3D structures]]
*[[3D structures of human antibody|3D structures of human antibody]]
== References ==
<references/>
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</StructureSection>
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]