View source for 4xkg


==Crystal structure of hemagglutinin from Taiwan (2013) H6N1 influenza virus in complex with 6'-SLN==
<StructureSection load='4xkg' size='340' side='right'caption='[[4xkg]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.25&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[4xkg]] is a 6 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H6N1_subtype H6N1 subtype]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=4XKG OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4XKG FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=GAL:BETA-D-GALACTOSE'>GAL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=NAG:N-ACETYL-D-GLUCOSAMINE'>NAG</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=SIA:O-SIALIC+ACID'>SIA</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4xkg FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=4xkg OCA], [https://pdbe.org/4xkg PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=4xkg RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/4xkg PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=4xkg ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/A0A0J9X268_9INFA A0A0J9X268_9INFA] Binds to sialic acid-containing receptors on the cell surface, bringing about the attachment of the virus particle to the cell. This attachment induces virion internalization either through clathrin-dependent endocytosis or through clathrin- and caveolin-independent pathway. Plays a major role in the determination of host range restriction and virulence. Class I viral fusion protein. Responsible for penetration of the virus into the cell cytoplasm by mediating the fusion of the membrane of the endocytosed virus particle with the endosomal membrane. Low pH in endosomes induces an irreversible conformational change in HA2, releasing the fusion hydrophobic peptide. Several trimers are required to form a competent fusion pore.[SAAS:SAAS00842036]  Binds to sialic acid-containing receptors on the cell surface, bringing about the attachment of the virus particle to the cell. This attachment induces virion internalization of about two third of the virus particles through clathrin-dependent endocytosis and about one third through a clathrin- and caveolin-independent pathway. Plays a major role in the determination of host range restriction and virulence. Class I viral fusion protein. Responsible for penetration of the virus into the cell cytoplasm by mediating the fusion of the membrane of the endocytosed virus particle with the endosomal membrane. Low pH in endosomes induces an irreversible conformational change in HA2, releasing the fusion hydrophobic peptide. Several trimers are required to form a competent fusion pore.[RuleBase:RU003324]
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== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Avian influenza viruses that cause infection and are transmissible in humans involve changes in the receptor binding site (RBS) of the viral hemagglutinin (HA) that alter receptor preference from alpha2-3-linked (avian-like) to alpha2-6-linked (human-like) sialosides. A human case of avian-origin H6N1 influenza virus was recently reported, but the molecular mechanisms contributing to it crossing the species barrier are unknown. We find that, although the H6 HA RBS contains D190V and G228S substitutions that potentially promote human receptor binding, recombinant H6 HA preferentially binds alpha2-3-linked sialosides, indicating no adaptation to human receptors. Crystal structures of H6 HA with avian and human receptor analogs reveal that H6 HA preferentially interacts with avian receptor analogs. This binding mechanism differs from other HA subtypes due to a unique combination of RBS residues, highlighting additional variation in HA-receptor interactions and the challenges in predicting which influenza strains and subtypes can infect humans and cause pandemics.

Structure and Receptor Binding of the Hemagglutinin from a Human H6N1 Influenza Virus.,Tzarum N, de Vries RP, Zhu X, Yu W, McBride R, Paulson JC, Wilson IA Cell Host Microbe. 2015 Mar 11;17(3):369-76. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2015.02.005. PMID:25766295<ref>PMID:25766295</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
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==See Also==
*[[Hemagglutinin 3D structures|Hemagglutinin 3D structures]]
== References ==
<references/>
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</StructureSection>
[[Category: H6N1 subtype]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Tzarum N]]
[[Category: Wilson IA]]
[[Category: Zhu X]]