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==Protein kinase A catalytic subunit in complex with PKI5-24 and EN068==
<StructureSection load='7pie' size='340' side='right'caption='[[7pie]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.43&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[7pie]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cricetulus_griseus Cricetulus griseus] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mus_musculus Mus musculus]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=7PIE OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=7PIE FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=7QF:2-azanyl-5-[3-[(2R)-morpholin-2-yl]phenyl]benzenecarbonitrile'>7QF</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=MPD:(4S)-2-METHYL-2,4-PENTANEDIOL'>MPD</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=SEP:PHOSPHOSERINE'>SEP</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=TPO:PHOSPHOTHREONINE'>TPO</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=7pie FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=7pie OCA], [https://pdbe.org/7pie PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=7pie RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/7pie PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=7pie ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/KAPCA_CRIGR KAPCA_CRIGR] Phosphorylates a large number of substrates in the cytoplasm and the nucleus. Regulates the abundance of compartmentalized pools of its regulatory subunits through phosphorylation of PJA2 which binds and ubiquitinates these subunits, leading to their subsequent proteolysis. Phosphorylates CDC25B, ABL1, NFKB1, CLDN3, PSMC5/RPT6, PJA2, RYR2, RORA and VASP. RORA is activated by phosphorylation. Required for glucose-mediated adipogenic differentiation increase and osteogenic differentiation inhibition from osteoblasts. Involved in the regulation of platelets in response to thrombin and collagen; maintains circulating platelets in a resting state by phosphorylating proteins in numerous platelet inhibitory pathways when in complex with NF-kappa-B (NFKB1 and NFKB2) and I-kappa-B-alpha (NFKBIA), but thrombin and collagen disrupt these complexes and free active PRKACA stimulates platelets and leads to platelet aggregation by phosphorylating VASP. Prevents the antiproliferative and anti-invasive effects of alpha-difluoromethylornithine in breast cancer cells when activated. RYR2 channel activity is potentiated by phosphorylation in presence of luminal Ca(2+), leading to reduced amplitude and increased frequency of store overload-induced Ca(2+) release (SOICR) characterized by an increased rate of Ca(2+) release and propagation velocity of spontaneous Ca(2+) waves, despite reduced wave amplitude and resting cytosolic Ca(2+). PSMC5/RPT6 activation by phosphorylation stimulates proteasome. Negatively regulates tight junctions (TJs) in ovarian cancer cells via CLDN3 phosphorylation. NFKB1 phosphorylation promotes NF-kappa-B p50-p50 DNA binding. Involved in embryonic development by down-regulating the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway that determines embryo pattern formation and morphogenesis. Prevents meiosis resumption in prophase-arrested oocytes via CDC25B inactivation by phosphorylation. May also regulate rapid eye movement (REM) sleep in the pedunculopontine tegmental (PPT) (By similarity). Phosphorylates APOBEC3G and AICDA (By similarity).
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== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Fragment-based drug discovery (FBDD) has successfully led to approved therapeutics for challenging and "undruggable" targets. In the context of FBDD, we introduce a novel, multidisciplinary method to identify active molecules from purchasable chemical space. Starting from four small-molecule fragment complexes of protein kinase A (PKA), a template-based docking screen using Enamine's multibillion REAL Space was performed. A total of 93 molecules out of 106 selected compounds were successfully synthesized. Forty compounds were active in at least one validation assay with the most active follow-up having a 13,500-fold gain in affinity. Crystal structures for six of the most promising binders were rapidly obtained, verifying the binding mode. The overall success rate for this novel fragment-to-hit approach was 40%, accomplished in only 9 weeks. The results challenge the established fragment prescreening paradigm since the standard industrial filters for fragment hit identification in a thermal shift assay would have missed the initial fragments.

Magnet for the Needle in Haystack: "Crystal Structure First" Fragment Hits Unlock Active Chemical Matter Using Targeted Exploration of Vast Chemical Spaces.,Muller J, Klein R, Tarkhanova O, Gryniukova A, Borysko P, Merkl S, Ruf M, Neumann A, Gastreich M, Moroz YS, Klebe G, Glinca S J Med Chem. 2022 Sep 7. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00813. PMID:36069712<ref>PMID:36069712</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
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==See Also==
*[[CAMP-dependent protein kinase 3D structures|CAMP-dependent protein kinase 3D structures]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Cricetulus griseus]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Mus musculus]]
[[Category: Glinca S]]
[[Category: Merkl S]]
[[Category: Mueller JM]]
[[Category: Ruf M]]