View source for 1rhm


==CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE COMPLEX OF CASPASE-3 WITH A NICOTINIC ACID ALDEHYDE INHIBITOR==
<StructureSection load='1rhm' size='340' side='right'caption='[[1rhm]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.50&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1rhm]] is a 4 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1RHM OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1RHM FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=NA4:4-[5-(2-CARBOXY-1-FORMYL-ETHYLCARBAMOYL)-PYRIDIN-3-YL]-BENZOIC+ACID'>NA4</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1rhm FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1rhm OCA], [https://pdbe.org/1rhm PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1rhm RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1rhm PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1rhm ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CASP3_HUMAN CASP3_HUMAN] Involved in the activation cascade of caspases responsible for apoptosis execution. At the onset of apoptosis it proteolytically cleaves poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) at a '216-Asp-|-Gly-217' bond. Cleaves and activates sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs) between the basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper domain and the membrane attachment domain. Cleaves and activates caspase-6, -7 and -9. Involved in the cleavage of huntingtin. Triggers cell adhesion in sympathetic neurons through RET cleavage.<ref>PMID:7596430</ref> <ref>PMID:21357690</ref> 
== Evolutionary Conservation ==
[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]]
Check<jmol>
  <jmolCheckbox>
    <scriptWhenChecked>; select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/rh/1rhm_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
    <scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>
    <text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
  </jmolCheckbox>
</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=1rhm ConSurf].
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== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Caspases are cysteine proteases that specifically cleave Asp-Xxx bonds. They are key agents in inflammation and apoptosis and are attractive targets for therapy against inflammation, neurodegeneration, ischemia, and cancer. Many caspase structures are known, but most involve either peptide or protein inhibitors, unattractive candidates for drug development. We present seven crystal structures of inhibited caspase-3 that illustrate several approaches to reducing the peptidyl characteristics of the inhibitors while maintaining their potency and selectivity. The inhibitors reduce the peptidyl nature of inhibitors while preserving binding potency by (1). exploiting a hydrophobic binding site C-terminal to the cleavage site, (2). replacing the negatively charged aspartyl residue at P4 with neutral groups, and (3). using a peptidomimetic 5,6,7-tricyclic system or a pyrazinone at P2-P3. In addition, we have found that two nicotinic acid aldehydes induce a significant conformational change in the S2 and S3 subsites of caspase-3, revealing an unexpected binding mode. These results advance the search for caspase-directed drugs by revealing how unacceptable molecular features can be removed without loss of potency.

Reducing the peptidyl features of caspase-3 inhibitors: a structural analysis.,Becker JW, Rotonda J, Soisson SM, Aspiotis R, Bayly C, Francoeur S, Gallant M, Garcia-Calvo M, Giroux A, Grimm E, Han Y, McKay D, Nicholson DW, Peterson E, Renaud J, Roy S, Thornberry N, Zamboni R J Med Chem. 2004 May 6;47(10):2466-74. PMID:15115390<ref>PMID:15115390</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
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<div class="pdbe-citations 1rhm" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[Caspase 3D structures|Caspase 3D structures]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Becker JW]]
[[Category: Rotonda J]]
[[Category: Soisson SM]]