View source for 8arj


==Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase with a novel carboline inhibitor==
<StructureSection load='8arj' size='340' side='right'caption='[[8arj]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.65&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[8arj]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=8ARJ OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=8ARJ FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=NRR:3-(dimethylamino)-1-[3-[4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl]-9~{H}-pyrido[2,3-b]indol-6-yl]prop-2-en-1-one'>NRR</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=8arj FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=8arj OCA], [https://pdbe.org/8arj PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=8arj RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/8arj PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=8arj ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Disease ==
[[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/ALK_HUMAN ALK_HUMAN]] Note=A chromosomal aberration involving ALK is found in a form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Translocation t(2;5)(p23;q35) with NPM1. The resulting chimeric NPM1-ALK protein homodimerize and the kinase becomes constitutively activated. The constitutively active fusion proteins are responsible for 5-10% of non-Hodgkin lymphomas.  Note=A chromosomal aberration involving ALK is associated with inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMTs). Translocation t(2;11)(p23;p15) with CARS; translocation t(2;4)(p23;q21) with SEC31A.  Note=A chromosomal aberration involving ALK is associated with anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL). Translocation t(2;17)(p23;q25) with ALO17.  Defects in ALK are the cause of susceptibility to neuroblastoma type 3 (NBLST3) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/613014 613014]]. Neuroblastoma is a common neoplasm of early childhood arising from embryonic cells that form the primitive neural crest and give rise to the adrenal medulla and the sympathetic nervous system.<ref>PMID:18724359</ref> <ref>PMID:18923523</ref> <ref>PMID:18923525</ref>   Note=The ALK signaling pathway plays an important role in glioblastoma, the most common malignant brain tumor of adults and one of the most lethal cancers. It regulates both glioblastoma migration and growth.
== Function ==
[[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/ALK_HUMAN ALK_HUMAN]] Neuronal orphan receptor tyrosine kinase that is essentially and transiently expressed in specific regions of the central and peripheral nervous systems and plays an important role in the genesis and differentiation of the nervous system. Transduces signals from ligands at the cell surface, through specific activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Phosphorylates almost exclusively at the first tyrosine of the Y-x-x-x-Y-Y motif. Following activation by ligand, ALK induces tyrosine phosphorylation of CBL, FRS2, IRS1 and SHC1, as well as of the MAP kinases MAPK1/ERK2 and MAPK3/ERK1. Acts as a receptor for ligands pleiotrophin (PTN), a secreted growth factor, and midkine (MDK), a PTN-related factor, thus participating in PTN and MDK signal transduction. PTN-binding induces MAPK pathway activation, which is important for the anti-apoptotic signaling of PTN and regulation of cell proliferation. MDK-binding induces phosphorylation of the ALK target insulin receptor substrate (IRS1), activates mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and PI3-kinase, resulting also in cell proliferation induction. Drives NF-kappa-B activation, probably through IRS1 and the activation of the AKT serine/threonine kinase. Recruitment of IRS1 to activated ALK and the activation of NF-kappa-B are essential for the autocrine growth and survival signaling of MDK.<ref>PMID:11387242</ref> <ref>PMID:11121404</ref> <ref>PMID:11278720</ref> <ref>PMID:11809760</ref> <ref>PMID:12107166</ref> <ref>PMID:12122009</ref> <ref>PMID:15226403</ref> <ref>PMID:15908427</ref> <ref>PMID:16317043</ref> <ref>PMID:17274988</ref> <ref>PMID:16878150</ref> 
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
The anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is abnormally expressed and hyperactivated in a number of tumors and represents an ideal therapeutic target. Despite excellent clinical responses to ALK inhibition, drug resistance still represents an issue and novel compounds that overcome drug-resistant mutants are needed. We designed, synthesized, and evaluated a large series of azacarbazole inhibitors. Several lead compounds endowed with submicromolar potency were identified. Compound 149 showed selective inhibition of native and mutant drug-refractory ALK kinase in vitro as well as in a Ba/F3 model and in human ALK+ lymphoma cells. The three-dimensional (3D) structure of a 149:ALK-KD cocrystal is reported, showing extensive interaction through the hinge region and the catalytic lysine 1150.

Discovery of Novel alpha-Carboline Inhibitors of the Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase.,Mologni L, Tardy S, Zambon A, Orsato A, Bisson WH, Ceccon M, Viltadi M, D'Attoma J, Pannilunghi S, Vece V, Bertho J, Goekjian P, Scapozza L, Gambacorti-Passerini C ACS Omega. 2022 May 11;7(20):17083-17097. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00507., eCollection 2022 May 24. PMID:35647450<ref>PMID:35647450</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 8arj" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Brown D]]
[[Category: Gambacorti-Passerini C]]
[[Category: Goekjian P]]
[[Category: Mologni L]]
[[Category: Robinson C]]
[[Category: Scapozza L]]
[[Category: Tardy S]]