View source for 2xej


==Human glutamate carboxypeptidase II in complex with ARM-M4, urea- based inhibitor==
<StructureSection load='2xej' size='340' side='right'caption='[[2xej]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.78&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[2xej]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human Human]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2XEJ OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2XEJ FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=BMA:BETA-D-MANNOSE'>BMA</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=CA:CALCIUM+ION'>CA</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=CL:CHLORIDE+ION'>CL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=NAG:N-ACETYL-D-GLUCOSAMINE'>NAG</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=OKD:N-({(1S)-1-CARBOXY-5-[4-(2,5,8,11,14-PENTAOXAPENTADEC-1-YL)-1H-1,2,3-TRIAZOL-1-YL]PENTYL}CARBAMOYL)-L-GLUTAMIC+ACID'>OKD</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=ZN:ZINC+ION'>ZN</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=MAN:ALPHA-D-MANNOSE'>MAN</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><div style='overflow: auto; max-height: 3em;'>[[2c6g|2c6g]], [[2c6p|2c6p]], [[2c6c|2c6c]], [[1z8l|1z8l]], [[2jbj|2jbj]], [[2jbk|2jbk]], [[2cij|2cij]], [[2xef|2xef]], [[2xeg|2xeg]], [[2xei|2xei]]</div></td></tr>
<tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glutamate_carboxypeptidase_II Glutamate carboxypeptidase II], with EC number [https://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=3.4.17.21 3.4.17.21] </span></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2xej FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=2xej OCA], [https://pdbe.org/2xej PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=2xej RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/2xej PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=2xej ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Function ==
[[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/FOLH1_HUMAN FOLH1_HUMAN]] Has both folate hydrolase and N-acetylated-alpha-linked-acidic dipeptidase (NAALADase) activity. Has a preference for tri-alpha-glutamate peptides. In the intestine, required for the uptake of folate. In the brain, modulates excitatory neurotransmission through the hydrolysis of the neuropeptide, N-aceylaspartylglutamate (NAAG), thereby releasing glutamate. Isoform PSM-4 and isoform PSM-5 would appear to be physiologically irrelevant. Involved in prostate tumor progression.  Also exhibits a dipeptidyl-peptidase IV type activity. In vitro, cleaves Gly-Pro-AMC. 
== Evolutionary Conservation ==
[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]]
Check<jmol>
  <jmolCheckbox>
    <scriptWhenChecked>; select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/xe/2xej_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
    <scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>
    <text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
  </jmolCheckbox>
</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=2xej ConSurf].
<div style="clear:both"></div>
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a membrane-bound glutamate carboxypeptidase overexpressed in many forms of prostate cancer. Our laboratory has recently disclosed a class of small molecules, called ARM-Ps (antibody-recruiting molecule targeting prostate cancer) that are capable of enhancing antibody-mediated immune recognition of prostate cancer cells. Interestingly, during the course of these studies, we found ARM-Ps to exhibit extraordinarily high potencies toward PSMA, compared to previously reported inhibitors. Here, we report in-depth biochemical, crystallographic, and computational investigations which elucidate the origin of the observed affinity enhancement. These studies reveal a previously unreported arene-binding site on PSMA, which we believe participates in an aromatic stacking interaction with ARMs. Although this site is composed of only a few amino acid residues, it drastically enhances small molecule binding affinity. These results provide critical insights into the design of PSMA-targeted small molecules for prostate cancer diagnosis and treatment; more broadly, the presence of similar arene-binding sites throughout the proteome could prove widely enabling in the optimization of small molecule-protein interactions.

A remote arene-binding site on prostate specific membrane antigen revealed by antibody-recruiting small molecules.,Zhang AX, Murelli RP, Barinka C, Michel J, Cocleaza A, Jorgensen WL, Lubkowski J, Spiegel DA J Am Chem Soc. 2010 Sep 15;132(36):12711-6. PMID:20726553<ref>PMID:20726553</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 2xej" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[Carboxypeptidase 3D structures|Carboxypeptidase 3D structures]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Glutamate carboxypeptidase II]]
[[Category: Human]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Barinka, C]]
[[Category: Cocleaza, A]]
[[Category: Jorgensen, W L]]
[[Category: Lubkowski, J]]
[[Category: Michel, J]]
[[Category: Murelli, R]]
[[Category: Spiegel, D A]]
[[Category: Zhang, A X]]
[[Category: Hydrolase]]
[[Category: Metallopeptidase]]