View source for 3aox


==X-ray crystal structure of human anaplastic lymphoma kinase in complex with CH5424802==
<StructureSection load='3aox' size='340' side='right'caption='[[3aox]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.75&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[3aox]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human Human]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3AOX OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3AOX FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=EDO:1,2-ETHANEDIOL'>EDO</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=EMH:9-ETHYL-6,6-DIMETHYL-8-[4-(MORPHOLIN-4-YL)PIPERIDIN-1-YL]-11-OXO-6,11-DIHYDRO-5H-BENZO[B]CARBAZOLE-3-CARBONITRILE'>EMH</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">ALK ([https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN])</td></tr>
<tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Receptor_protein-tyrosine_kinase Receptor protein-tyrosine kinase], with EC number [https://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=2.7.10.1 2.7.10.1] </span></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3aox FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=3aox OCA], [https://pdbe.org/3aox PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=3aox RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/3aox PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=3aox ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Disease ==
[[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/ALK_HUMAN ALK_HUMAN]] Note=A chromosomal aberration involving ALK is found in a form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Translocation t(2;5)(p23;q35) with NPM1. The resulting chimeric NPM1-ALK protein homodimerize and the kinase becomes constitutively activated. The constitutively active fusion proteins are responsible for 5-10% of non-Hodgkin lymphomas.  Note=A chromosomal aberration involving ALK is associated with inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMTs). Translocation t(2;11)(p23;p15) with CARS; translocation t(2;4)(p23;q21) with SEC31A.  Note=A chromosomal aberration involving ALK is associated with anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL). Translocation t(2;17)(p23;q25) with ALO17.  Defects in ALK are the cause of susceptibility to neuroblastoma type 3 (NBLST3) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/613014 613014]]. Neuroblastoma is a common neoplasm of early childhood arising from embryonic cells that form the primitive neural crest and give rise to the adrenal medulla and the sympathetic nervous system.<ref>PMID:18724359</ref> <ref>PMID:18923523</ref> <ref>PMID:18923525</ref>   Note=The ALK signaling pathway plays an important role in glioblastoma, the most common malignant brain tumor of adults and one of the most lethal cancers. It regulates both glioblastoma migration and growth. 
== Function ==
[[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/ALK_HUMAN ALK_HUMAN]] Neuronal orphan receptor tyrosine kinase that is essentially and transiently expressed in specific regions of the central and peripheral nervous systems and plays an important role in the genesis and differentiation of the nervous system. Transduces signals from ligands at the cell surface, through specific activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Phosphorylates almost exclusively at the first tyrosine of the Y-x-x-x-Y-Y motif. Following activation by ligand, ALK induces tyrosine phosphorylation of CBL, FRS2, IRS1 and SHC1, as well as of the MAP kinases MAPK1/ERK2 and MAPK3/ERK1. Acts as a receptor for ligands pleiotrophin (PTN), a secreted growth factor, and midkine (MDK), a PTN-related factor, thus participating in PTN and MDK signal transduction. PTN-binding induces MAPK pathway activation, which is important for the anti-apoptotic signaling of PTN and regulation of cell proliferation. MDK-binding induces phosphorylation of the ALK target insulin receptor substrate (IRS1), activates mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and PI3-kinase, resulting also in cell proliferation induction. Drives NF-kappa-B activation, probably through IRS1 and the activation of the AKT serine/threonine kinase. Recruitment of IRS1 to activated ALK and the activation of NF-kappa-B are essential for the autocrine growth and survival signaling of MDK.<ref>PMID:11387242</ref> <ref>PMID:11121404</ref> <ref>PMID:11278720</ref> <ref>PMID:11809760</ref> <ref>PMID:12107166</ref> <ref>PMID:12122009</ref> <ref>PMID:15226403</ref> <ref>PMID:15908427</ref> <ref>PMID:16317043</ref> <ref>PMID:17274988</ref> <ref>PMID:16878150</ref>  
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is a tyrosine kinase that is constitutively activated in certain cancers, following gene alterations such as chromosomal translocation, amplification, or point mutation. Here, we identified CH5424802, a potent, selective, and orally available ALK inhibitor with a unique chemical scaffold, showing preferential antitumor activity against cancers with gene alterations of ALK, such as nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells expressing EML4-ALK fusion and anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL) cells expressing NPM-ALK fusion in vitro and in vivo. CH5424802 inhibited ALK L1196M, which corresponds to the gatekeeper mutation conferring common resistance to kinase inhibitors, and blocked EML4-ALK L1196M-driven cell growth. Our results support the potential for clinical evaluation of CH5424802 for the treatment of patients with ALK-driven tumors.

CH5424802, a selective ALK inhibitor capable of blocking the resistant gatekeeper mutant.,Sakamoto H, Tsukaguchi T, Hiroshima S, Kodama T, Kobayashi T, Fukami TA, Oikawa N, Tsukuda T, Ishii N, Aoki Y Cancer Cell. 2011 May 17;19(5):679-90. PMID:21575866<ref>PMID:21575866</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 3aox" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[Tyrosine kinase 3D structures|Tyrosine kinase 3D structures]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Human]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Receptor protein-tyrosine kinase]]
[[Category: Fukami, T A]]
[[Category: Jestel, A]]
[[Category: Moertl, M]]
[[Category: Nagel, S]]
[[Category: Alk kinase]]
[[Category: Transferase-transferase inhibitor complex]]