View source for 2zm3


==Complex Structure of Insulin-like Growth Factor Receptor and Isoquinolinedione Inhibitor==
<StructureSection load='2zm3' size='340' side='right'caption='[[2zm3]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.50&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[2zm3]] is a 4 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human Human]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2ZM3 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2ZM3 FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=575:(4Z)-6-BROMO-4-({[4-(PYRROLIDIN-1-YLMETHYL)PHENYL]AMINO}METHYLIDENE)ISOQUINOLINE-1,3(2H,4H)-DIONE'>575</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='NonStdRes'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Non-Standard_Residue|NonStd Res:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=PTR:O-PHOSPHOTYROSINE'>PTR</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><div style='overflow: auto; max-height: 3em;'>[[1jqh|1jqh]]</div></td></tr>
<tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">IGF1R ([https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN])</td></tr>
<tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Receptor_protein-tyrosine_kinase Receptor protein-tyrosine kinase], with EC number [https://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=2.7.10.1 2.7.10.1] </span></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2zm3 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=2zm3 OCA], [https://pdbe.org/2zm3 PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=2zm3 RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/2zm3 PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=2zm3 ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Disease ==
[[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/IGF1R_HUMAN IGF1R_HUMAN]] Defects in IGF1R are a cause of insulin-like growth factor 1 resistance (IGF1RES) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/270450 270450]]. It is a disorder characterized by intrauterine growth retardation and poor postnatal growth accompanied with increased plasma IGF1.<ref>PMID:14657428</ref> <ref>PMID:15928254</ref>  
== Function ==
[[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/IGF1R_HUMAN IGF1R_HUMAN]] Receptor tyrosine kinase which mediates actions of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1). Binds IGF1 with high affinity and IGF2 and insulin (INS) with a lower affinity. The activated IGF1R is involved in cell growth and survival control. IGF1R is crucial for tumor transformation and survival of malignant cell. Ligand binding activates the receptor kinase, leading to receptor autophosphorylation, and tyrosines phosphorylation of multiple substrates, that function as signaling adapter proteins including, the insulin-receptor substrates (IRS1/2), Shc and 14-3-3 proteins. Phosphorylation of IRSs proteins lead to the activation of two main signaling pathways: the PI3K-AKT/PKB pathway and the Ras-MAPK pathway. The result of activating the MAPK pathway is increased cellular proliferation, whereas activating the PI3K pathway inhibits apoptosis and stimulates protein synthesis. Phosphorylated IRS1 can activate the 85 kDa regulatory subunit of PI3K (PIK3R1), leading to activation of several downstream substrates, including protein AKT/PKB. AKT phosphorylation, in turn, enhances protein synthesis through mTOR activation and triggers the antiapoptotic effects of IGFIR through phosphorylation and inactivation of BAD. In parallel to PI3K-driven signaling, recruitment of Grb2/SOS by phosphorylated IRS1 or Shc leads to recruitment of Ras and activation of the ras-MAPK pathway. In addition to these two main signaling pathways IGF1R signals also through the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway (JAK/STAT). Phosphorylation of JAK proteins can lead to phosphorylation/activation of signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) proteins. In particular activation of STAT3, may be essential for the transforming activity of IGF1R. The JAK/STAT pathway activates gene transcription and may be responsible for the transforming activity. JNK kinases can also be activated by the IGF1R. IGF1 exerts inhibiting activities on JNK activation via phosphorylation and inhibition of MAP3K5/ASK1, which is able to directly associate with the IGF1R.<ref>PMID:8257688</ref> <ref>PMID:1846292</ref> <ref>PMID:8452530</ref> <ref>PMID:7679099</ref> <ref>PMID:10579905</ref> <ref>PMID:10747872</ref> <ref>PMID:12138094</ref> <ref>PMID:12556535</ref> <ref>PMID:16831875</ref>   When present in a hybrid receptor with INSR, binds IGF1. PubMed:12138094 shows that hybrid receptors composed of IGF1R and INSR isoform Long are activated with a high affinity by IGF1, with low affinity by IGF2 and not significantly activated by insulin, and that hybrid receptors composed of IGF1R and INSR isoform Short are activated by IGF1, IGF2 and insulin. In contrast, PubMed:16831875 shows that hybrid receptors composed of IGF1R and INSR isoform Long and hybrid receptors composed of IGF1R and INSR isoform Short have similar binding characteristics, both bind IGF1 and have a low affinity for insulin.<ref>PMID:8257688</ref> <ref>PMID:1846292</ref> <ref>PMID:8452530</ref> <ref>PMID:7679099</ref> <ref>PMID:10579905</ref> <ref>PMID:10747872</ref> <ref>PMID:12138094</ref> <ref>PMID:12556535</ref> <ref>PMID:16831875</ref>  
== Evolutionary Conservation ==
[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]]
Check<jmol>
  <jmolCheckbox>
    <scriptWhenChecked>; select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/zm/2zm3_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
    <scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>
    <text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
  </jmolCheckbox>
</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=2zm3 ConSurf].
<div style="clear:both"></div>
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R) is a growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase that acts as a critical mediator of cell proliferation and survival. This receptor is over-expressed or activated in tumor cells and is emerging as a novel target in cancer therapy. Efforts in our "Hit to Lead" group have generated a novel series of submicromolar IGF-1R inhibitors based on a isoquinolinedione template originating from a Lance enzyme HTS screen. Chemical triage and parallel synthesis incorporating focused library arrays were instrumental in moving these investigations through the Wyeth exploratory medicinal chemistry process. The strategies, synthesis, and SAR behind this interesting kinase scaffold will be described.

Lead identification to generate isoquinolinedione inhibitors of insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R) for potential use in cancer treatment.,Mayer SC, Banker AL, Boschelli F, Di L, Johnson M, Kenny CH, Krishnamurthy G, Kutterer K, Moy F, Petusky S, Ravi M, Tkach D, Tsou HR, Xu W Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2008 Jun 15;18(12):3641-5. Epub 2008 Apr 25. PMID:18501599<ref>PMID:18501599</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 2zm3" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[Insulin-like growth factor receptor|Insulin-like growth factor receptor]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Human]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Receptor protein-tyrosine kinase]]
[[Category: Boschelli, F]]
[[Category: Dwyer, B]]
[[Category: Johnson, M]]
[[Category: Mayer, S C]]
[[Category: Xu, W]]
[[Category: Atp-binding]]
[[Category: Cleavage on pair of basic residue]]
[[Category: Disease mutation]]
[[Category: Glycoprotein]]
[[Category: Igfr]]
[[Category: Membrane]]
[[Category: Nucleotide-binding]]
[[Category: Phosphoprotein]]
[[Category: Polymorphism]]
[[Category: Protein-inhibitor complex]]
[[Category: Receptor]]
[[Category: Transferase]]
[[Category: Transmembrane]]
[[Category: Tyrosine kinase]]
[[Category: Tyrosine-protein kinase]]