View source for 1efy


==CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE CATALYTIC FRAGMENT OF POLY (ADP-RIBOSE) POLYMERASE COMPLEXED WITH A BENZIMIDAZOLE INHIBITOR==
<StructureSection load='1efy' size='340' side='right'caption='[[1efy]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.20&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1efy]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chick Chick]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1EFY OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1EFY FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=BZC:2-(3-METHOXYPHENYL)+BENZIMIDAZOLE-4-CARBOXAMIDE'>BZC</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><div style='overflow: auto; max-height: 3em;'>[[2paw|2paw]], [[1pax|1pax]], [[2pax|2pax]], [[3pax|3pax]], [[4pax|4pax]]</div></td></tr>
<tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NAD(+)_ADP-ribosyltransferase NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase], with EC number [https://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=2.4.2.30 2.4.2.30] </span></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1efy FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1efy OCA], [https://pdbe.org/1efy PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1efy RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1efy PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=1efy ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Function ==
[[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PARP1_CHICK PARP1_CHICK]] Poly[ADP-ribose] polymerase modifies various nuclear proteins by poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation. The modification is dependent on DNA and is involved in the regulation of various important cellular processes such as differentiation, proliferation, and tumor transformation and also in the regulation of the molecular events involved in the recovery of cell from DNA damage. 
== Evolutionary Conservation ==
[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]]
Check<jmol>
  <jmolCheckbox>
    <scriptWhenChecked>; select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/ef/1efy_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
    <scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>
    <text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
  </jmolCheckbox>
</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=1efy ConSurf].
<div style="clear:both"></div>
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
The nuclear enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) facilitates the repair of DNA strand breaks and is implicated in the resistance of cancer cells to certain DNA-damaging agents. Inhibitors of PARP have clinical potential as resistance-modifying agents capable of potentiating radiotherapy and the cytotoxicity of some forms of cancer chemotherapy. The preclinical development of 2-aryl-1H-benzimidazole-4-carboxamides as resistance-modifying agents in cancer chemotherapy is described. 1H-Benzimidazole-4-carboxamides, particularly 2-aryl derivatives, are identified as a class of potent PARP inhibitors. Derivatives of 2-phenyl-1H-benzimidazole-4-carboxamide (23, K(i) = 15 nM), in which the phenyl ring contains substituents, have been synthesized. Many of these derivatives exhibit K(i) values for PARP inhibition &lt; 10 nM, with 2-(4-hydroxymethylphenyl)-1H-benzimidazole-4-carboxamide (78, K(i) = 1.6 nM) being one of the most potent. Insight into structure-activity relationships (SAR) for 2-aryl-1H-benzimidazole-4-carboxamides has been enhanced by studying the complex formed between 2-(3-methoxyphenyl)-1H-benzimidazole-4-carboxamide (44, K(i) = 6 nM) and the catalytic domain of chicken PARP. Important hydrogen-bonding and hydrophobic interactions with the protein have been identified for this inhibitor. 2-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-1H-benzimidazole-4-carboxamide (45, K(i) = 6 nM) potentiates the cytotoxicity of both temozolomide and topotecan against A2780 cells in vitro (by 2.8- and 2.9-fold, respectively).

Resistance-modifying agents. 9. Synthesis and biological properties of benzimidazole inhibitors of the DNA repair enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase.,White AW, Almassy R, Calvert AH, Curtin NJ, Griffin RJ, Hostomsky Z, Maegley K, Newell DR, Srinivasan S, Golding BT J Med Chem. 2000 Nov 2;43(22):4084-97. PMID:11063605<ref>PMID:11063605</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
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<div class="pdbe-citations 1efy" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 3D structures|Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 3D structures]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Chick]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Almassy, R]]
[[Category: Calvert, A H]]
[[Category: Curtin, N J]]
[[Category: Golding, B T]]
[[Category: Griffin, R J]]
[[Category: Hostomsky, Z]]
[[Category: Maegley, K]]
[[Category: Newell, D R]]
[[Category: Srinivasan, S]]
[[Category: White, A W]]
[[Category: Benzimidazole]]
[[Category: Catalytic fragment]]
[[Category: Inhibitor]]
[[Category: Polymerase]]
[[Category: Transferase]]