View source for 1npv

[[Image:1npv.gif|left|200px]]<br />
<applet load="1npv" size="450" color="white" frame="true" align="right" spinBox="true" 
caption="1npv, resolution 2.&Aring;" />
'''Crystal structure of HIV-1 protease complexed with LDC271'''<br />

==Overview==
The design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a series of HIV-1, protease inhibitors [(-)-6, (-)-7, (-)-23, (+)-24] based upon the, 3,5,5-trisubstituted pyrrolin-4-one scaffold is described. Use of a, monopyrrolinone scaffold leads to inhibitors with improved cellular, transport properties relative to the earlier inhibitors based on, bispyrrolinones and their peptide counterparts. The most potent inhibitor, (-)-7 displayed 13% oral bioavailability in dogs. X-ray structure analysis, of the monopyrrolinone compounds cocrystallized with the wild-type HIV-1, protease provided valuable information on the interactions between the, inhibitors and the HIV-1 enzyme. In each case, the inhibitors assumed, similar orientations for the P2'-P1 substituents, along with an unexpected, hydrogen bond of the pyrrolinone NH with Asp225. Interactions with the S2, pocket, however, were not optimal, as illustrated by the inclusion of a, water molecule in two of the three inhibitor-enzyme complexes. Efforts to, increase affinity by displacing the water molecule with second and third, generation inhibitors did not prove successful. Lack of success with this, venture is a testament to the difficulty of accurately predicting the many, variables that influence and build binding affinity. Comparison of the, inhibitor positions in three complexes with that of Indinavir revealed, displacements of the protease backbones in the enzyme flap region, accompanied by variations in hydrogen bonding to accommodate the, monopyrrolinone ring. The binding orientation of the pyrrolinone-based, inhibitors may explain their sustained efficacy against mutant strains of, the HIV-1 protease enzyme as compared to Indinavir.

==About this Structure==
1NPV is a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single_protein Single protein] structure of sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_immunodeficiency_virus_1 Human immunodeficiency virus 1] with L27 as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ligand ligand]. Active as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIV-1_retropepsin HIV-1 retropepsin], with EC number [http://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=3.4.23.16 3.4.23.16] Full crystallographic information is available from [http://ispc.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1NPV OCA]. 

==Reference==
Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of monopyrrolinone-based HIV-1 protease inhibitors., Smith AB 3rd, Cantin LD, Pasternak A, Guise-Zawacki L, Yao W, Charnley AK, Barbosa J, Sprengeler PA, Hirschmann R, Munshi S, Olsen DB, Schleif WA, Kuo LC, J Med Chem. 2003 May 8;46(10):1831-44. PMID:[http://ispc.weizmann.ac.il//pmbin/getpm?pmid=12723947 12723947]
[[Category: HIV-1 retropepsin]]
[[Category: Human immunodeficiency virus 1]]
[[Category: Single protein]]
[[Category: Smith, A.B.]]
[[Category: L27]]
[[Category: hydrolase]]
[[Category: protease]]

''Page seeded by [http://ispc.weizmann.ac.il/oca OCA ] on Thu Nov  8 14:22:18 2007''