View source for 2vpq


==Crystal structure of biotin carboxylase from S. aureus complexed with AMPPNP==
<StructureSection load='2vpq' size='340' side='right'caption='[[2vpq]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.10&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[2vpq]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/"micrococcus_aureus"_(rosenbach_1884)_zopf_1885 "micrococcus aureus" (rosenbach 1884) zopf 1885]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2VPQ OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2VPQ FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=ANP:PHOSPHOAMINOPHOSPHONIC+ACID-ADENYLATE+ESTER'>ANP</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=CL:CHLORIDE+ION'>CL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=MG:MAGNESIUM+ION'>MG</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[2c00|2c00]], [[2j9g|2j9g]], [[2vqd|2vqd]], [[2vr1|2vr1]]</td></tr>
<tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biotin_carboxylase Biotin carboxylase], with EC number [http://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=6.3.4.14 6.3.4.14] </span></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2vpq FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=2vpq OCA], [http://pdbe.org/2vpq PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=2vpq RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/2vpq PDBsum], [http://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=2vpq ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Evolutionary Conservation ==
[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]]
Check<jmol>
  <jmolCheckbox>
    <scriptWhenChecked>; select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/vp/2vpq_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
    <scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>
    <text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
  </jmolCheckbox>
</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/main_output.php?pdb_ID=2vpq ConSurf].
<div style="clear:both"></div>
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Bacterial acetyl-CoA carboxylase is a multifunctional biotin-dependent enzyme that consists of three separate proteins: biotin carboxylase (BC), biotin carboxyl carrier protein (BCCP), and carboxyltransferase (CT). Acetyl-CoA carboxylase is a potentially attractive target for novel antibiotics because it catalyzes the first committed step in fatty acid biosynthesis. In the first half-reaction, BC catalyzes the ATP-dependent carboxylation of BCCP. In the second half-reaction, the carboxyl group is transferred from carboxybiotinylated BCCP to acetyl-CoA to produce malonyl-CoA. A series of structures of BC from several bacteria crystallized in the presence of various ATP analogs is described that addresses three major questions concerning the catalytic mechanism. The structure of BC bound to AMPPNP and the two catalytically essential magnesium ions resolves inconsistencies between the kinetics of active-site BC mutants and previously reported BC structures. Another structure of AMPPNP bound to BC shows the polyphosphate chain folded back on itself, and not in the correct (i.e., extended) conformation for catalysis. This provides the first structural evidence for the hypothesis of substrate-induced synergism, which posits that ATP binds nonproductively to BC in the absence of biotin. The BC homodimer has been proposed to exhibit half-sites reactivity where the active sites alternate or "flip-flop" their catalytic cycles. A crystal structure of BC showed the ATP analog AMPPCF(2)P bound to one subunit while the other subunit was unliganded. The liganded subunit was in the closed or catalytic conformation while the unliganded subunit was in the open conformation. This provides the first structural evidence for half-sites reactivity in BC.

Structural evidence for substrate-induced synergism and half-sites reactivity in biotin carboxylase.,Mochalkin I, Miller JR, Evdokimov A, Lightle S, Yan C, Stover CK, Waldrop GL Protein Sci. 2008 Oct;17(10):1706-18. Epub 2008 Aug 25. PMID:18725455<ref>PMID:18725455</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
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<div class="pdbe-citations 2vpq" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 3D structures|Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 3D structures]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Biotin carboxylase]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Mochalkin, I]]
[[Category: Atp-grasp domain]]
[[Category: Bacteria]]
[[Category: Ligase]]