View source for 6ssx


==cryo-em structure of alpha-synuclein fibril polymorph 2A==
<SX load='6ssx' size='340' side='right' viewer='molstar' caption='[[6ssx]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.98&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[6ssx]] is a 10 chain structure. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=6SSX OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6SSX FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6ssx FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=6ssx OCA], [http://pdbe.org/6ssx PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=6ssx RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/6ssx PDBsum], [http://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=6ssx ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
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== Disease ==
[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SYUA_HUMAN SYUA_HUMAN]] Note=Genetic alterations of SNCA resulting in aberrant polymerization into fibrils, are associated with several neurodegenerative diseases (synucleinopathies). SNCA fibrillar aggregates represent the major non A-beta component of Alzheimer disease amyloid plaque, and a major component of Lewy body inclusions. They are also found within Lewy body (LB)-like intraneuronal inclusions, glial inclusions and axonal spheroids in neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation type 1.  Defects in SNCA are the cause of Parkinson disease type 1 (PARK1) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/168601 168601]]. A complex neurodegenerative disorder characterized by bradykinesia, resting tremor, muscular rigidity and postural instability. Additional features are characteristic postural abnormalities, dysautonomia, dystonic cramps, and dementia. The pathology of Parkinson disease involves the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and the presence of Lewy bodies (intraneuronal accumulations of aggregated proteins), in surviving neurons in various areas of the brain. The disease is progressive and usually manifests after the age of 50 years, although early-onset cases (before 50 years) are known. The majority of the cases are sporadic suggesting a multifactorial etiology based on environmental and genetic factors. However, some patients present with a positive family history for the disease. Familial forms of the disease usually begin at earlier ages and are associated with atypical clinical features.<ref>PMID:9197268</ref> <ref>PMID:9462735</ref> <ref>PMID:14755719</ref>   Defects in SNCA are the cause of Parkinson disease type 4 (PARK4) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/605543 605543]]. A complex neurodegenerative disorder with manifestations ranging from typical Parkinson disease to dementia with Lewy bodies. Clinical features include parkinsonian symptoms (tremor, rigidity, postural instability and bradykinesia), dementia, diffuse Lewy body pathology, autonomic dysfunction, hallucinations and paranoia.  Defects in SNCA are the cause of dementia Lewy body (DLB) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/127750 127750]]. A neurodegenerative disorder clinically characterized by mental impairment leading to dementia, parkinsonism, often with fluctuating cognitive function, visual hallucinations, falls, syncopal episodes, and sensitivity to neuroleptic medication. Brainstem or cortical intraneuronal accumulations of aggregated proteins (Lewy bodies) are the only essential pathologic features. Patients may also have hippocampal and neocortical senile plaques, sometimes in sufficient number to fulfill the diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer disease. 
== Function ==
[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SYUA_HUMAN SYUA_HUMAN]] May be involved in the regulation of dopamine release and transport. Induces fibrillization of microtubule-associated protein tau. Reduces neuronal responsiveness to various apoptotic stimuli, leading to a decreased caspase-3 activation. 
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== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Intracellular inclusions rich in alpha-synuclein are a hallmark of several neuropathological diseases including Parkinson's disease (PD). Previously, we reported the structure of alpha-synuclein fibrils (residues 1-121), composed of two protofibrils that are connected via a densely-packed interface formed by residues 50-57 (Guerrero-Ferreira, eLife 218;7:e36402). We here report two new polymorphic atomic structures of alpha-synuclein fibrils termed polymorphs 2a and 2b, at 3.0 A and 3.4 A resolution, respectively. These polymorphs show a radically different structure compared to previously reported polymorphs. The new structures have a 10 nm fibril diameter and are composed of two protofilaments which interact via intermolecular salt-bridges between amino acids K45, E57 (polymorph 2a) or E46 (polymorph 2b). The non-amyloid component (NAC) region of alpha-synuclein is fully buried by previously non-described interactions with the N-terminus. A hydrophobic cleft, the location of familial PD mutation sites, and the nature of the protofilament interface now invite to formulate hypotheses about fibril formation, growth and stability.

Two new polymorphic structures of human full-length alpha-synuclein fibrils solved by cryo-electron microscopy.,Guerrero-Ferreira R, Taylor NM, Arteni AA, Kumari P, Mona D, Ringler P, Britschgi M, Lauer ME, Makky A, Verasdonck J, Riek R, Melki R, Meier BH, Bockmann A, Bousset L, Stahlberg H Elife. 2019 Dec 9;8. pii: 48907. doi: 10.7554/eLife.48907. PMID:31815671<ref>PMID:31815671</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
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<div class="pdbe-citations 6ssx" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</SX>
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Arteni, A A]]
[[Category: Bockmann, A]]
[[Category: Bousset, L]]
[[Category: Guerrero-Ferreira, R]]
[[Category: Meier, B H]]
[[Category: Melki, R]]
[[Category: Stahlberg, H]]
[[Category: Taylor, N M.I]]
[[Category: Amyloid]]
[[Category: Parkinson]]
[[Category: Protein fibril]]