View source for 4pyo


==Humanized rat COMT bound to SAH, semi-holo form==
<StructureSection load='4pyo' size='340' side='right'caption='[[4pyo]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.10&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[4pyo]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffalo_rat Buffalo rat]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=4PYO OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4PYO FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=K:POTASSIUM+ION'>K</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=MG:MAGNESIUM+ION'>MG</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=SAH:S-ADENOSYL-L-HOMOCYSTEINE'>SAH</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[4p7k|4p7k]], [[4p7f|4p7f]], [[4p7g|4p7g]], [[4p7j|4p7j]], [[4pyj|4pyj]], [[4pyk|4pyk]], [[4pyl|4pyl]], [[4pym|4pym]], [[4pyn|4pyn]], [[4pyq|4pyq]], [[4pyi|4pyi]]</td></tr>
<tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">Comt ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=10116 Buffalo rat])</td></tr>
<tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catechol_O-methyltransferase Catechol O-methyltransferase], with EC number [http://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=2.1.1.6 2.1.1.6] </span></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4pyo FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=4pyo OCA], [http://pdbe.org/4pyo PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=4pyo RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/4pyo PDBsum], [http://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=4pyo ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Function ==
[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/COMT_RAT COMT_RAT]] Catalyzes the O-methylation, and thereby the inactivation, of catecholamine neurotransmitters and catechol hormones. Also shortens the biological half-lives of certain neuroactive drugs, like L-DOPA, alpha-methyl DOPA and isoproterenol. 
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Methylation catalysed by catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) is the main pathway of catechol neurotransmitter deactivation in the prefrontal cortex. Low levels of this class of neurotransmitters are held to be causative of diseases such as schizophrenia, depression and Parkinson's disease. Inhibition of COMT may increase neurotransmitter levels, thus offering a route for treatment. Structure-based drug design hitherto seems to be based on the closed enzyme conformation. Here, a set of apo, semi-holo, holo and Michaelis form crystal structures are described that define the conformational space available to COMT and that include likely intermediates along the catalytic pathway. Domain swaps and sizeable loop movements around the active site testify to the flexibility of this enzyme, rendering COMT a difficult drug target. The low affinity of the co-substrate S-adenosylmethionine and the large conformational changes involved during catalysis highlight significant energetic investment to achieve the closed conformation. Since each conformation of COMT is a bona fide target for inhibitors, other states than the closed conformation may be promising to address. Crystallographic data for an alternative avenue of COMT inhibition, i.e. locking of the apo state by an inhibitor, are presented. The set of COMT structures may prove to be useful for the development of novel classes of inhibitors.

Mapping the conformational space accessible to catechol-O-methyltransferase.,Ehler A, Benz J, Schlatter D, Rudolph MG Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 2014 Aug 1;70(Pt 8):2163-74. doi:, 10.1107/S1399004714012917. Epub 2014 Jul 25. PMID:25084335<ref>PMID:25084335</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 4pyo" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[Catechol O-methyltransferase|Catechol O-methyltransferase]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Buffalo rat]]
[[Category: Catechol O-methyltransferase]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Benz, J]]
[[Category: Ehler, A]]
[[Category: Rudolph, M G]]
[[Category: Schlatter, D]]
[[Category: Alternative initiation]]
[[Category: Catecholamine metabolism]]
[[Category: Cell membrane]]
[[Category: Conformational change]]
[[Category: Enzyme mechanism]]
[[Category: Membrane]]
[[Category: Metal-binding]]
[[Category: Methyltransferase]]
[[Category: Neurotransmitter degradation]]
[[Category: Phosphoprotein]]
[[Category: Signal-anchor]]
[[Category: Transferase]]
[[Category: Transmembrane anchor]]