View source for 6cee


==Crystal structure of fragment 3-(1-Methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydroquinoxalin-3-yl)propionic acid bound in the ubiquitin binding pocket of the HDAC6 zinc-finger domain==
<StructureSection load='6cee' size='340' side='right' caption='[[6cee]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.55&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[6cee]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human Human]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=6CEE OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6CEE FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=EYM:3-(4-methyl-3-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2-yl)propanoic+acid'>EYM</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=UNX:UNKNOWN+ATOM+OR+ION'>UNX</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=ZN:ZINC+ION'>ZN</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">HDAC6, KIAA0901, JM21 ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN])</td></tr>
<tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histone_deacetylase Histone deacetylase], with EC number [http://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=3.5.1.98 3.5.1.98] </span></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6cee FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=6cee OCA], [http://pdbe.org/6cee PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=6cee RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/6cee PDBsum], [http://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=6cee ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Function ==
[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/HDAC6_HUMAN HDAC6_HUMAN]] Responsible for the deacetylation of lysine residues on the N-terminal part of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). Histone deacetylation gives a tag for epigenetic repression and plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and developmental events. Histone deacetylases act via the formation of large multiprotein complexes (By similarity). Plays a central role in microtubule-dependent cell motility via deacetylation of tubulin.<ref>PMID:12024216</ref> <ref>PMID:17846173</ref>   In addition to its protein deacetylase activity, plays a key role in the degradation of misfolded proteins: when misfolded proteins are too abundant to be degraded by the chaperone refolding system and the ubiquitin-proteasome, mediates the transport of misfolded proteins to a cytoplasmic juxtanuclear structure called aggresome. Probably acts as an adapter that recognizes polyubiquitinated misfolded proteins and target them to the aggresome, facilitating their clearance by autophagy.<ref>PMID:12024216</ref> <ref>PMID:17846173</ref>  
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
HDAC6 plays a central role in the recruitment of protein aggregates for lysosomal degradation and is a promising target for combination therapy with proteasome inhibitors in multiple myeloma. Pharmacologically displacing ubiquitin from the zinc-finger ubiquitin-binding domain (ZnF-UBD) of HDAC6 is an underexplored alternative to catalytic inhibition. Here, we present the discovery of an HDAC6 ZnF-UBD-focused chemical series and its progression from virtual screening hits to low micromolar inhibitors. A carboxylate mimicking the C-terminal extremity of ubiquitin, and an extended aromatic system stacking with W1182 and R1155, are necessary for activity. One of the compounds induced a conformational remodeling of the binding site where the primary binding pocket opens up onto a ligand-able secondary pocket that may be exploited to increase potency. The preliminary structure-activity relationship accompanied by nine crystal structures should enable further optimization into a chemical probe to investigate the merit of targeting the ZnF-UBD of HDAC6 in multiple myeloma and other diseases.

Identification and Structure-Activity Relationship of HDAC6 Zinc-Finger Ubiquitin Binding Domain Inhibitors.,Ferreira de Freitas R, Harding RJ, Franzoni I, Ravichandran M, Mann MK, Ouyang H, Lautens M, Santhakumar V, Arrowsmith CH, Schapira M J Med Chem. 2018 May 9. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00258. PMID:29741882<ref>PMID:29741882</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 6cee" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[Histone deacetylase|Histone deacetylase]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Histone deacetylase]]
[[Category: Human]]
[[Category: Arrowsmith, C M]]
[[Category: Bountra, C]]
[[Category: Edwards, A M]]
[[Category: Franzoni, I]]
[[Category: Freitas, R Ferreira de]]
[[Category: Halabelian, L]]
[[Category: Harding, R J]]
[[Category: Lautens, M]]
[[Category: Ravichandran, M]]
[[Category: Structural genomic]]
[[Category: Santhakumar, V]]
[[Category: Schapira, M]]
[[Category: Hdac]]
[[Category: Hdac6]]
[[Category: Hydrolase]]
[[Category: Sgc]]
[[Category: Ubiquitin]]