View source for 5wnx


==DNA polymerase beta substrate complex with incoming 6-TdGTP==
<StructureSection load='5wnx' size='340' side='right' caption='[[5wnx]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.55&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[5wnx]] is a 4 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human Human]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=5WNX OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=5WNX FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=CA:CALCIUM+ION'>CA</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=CL:CHLORIDE+ION'>CL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=NA:SODIUM+ION'>NA</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=SGT:2-amino-9-{2-deoxy-5-O-[(R)-hydroxy{[(R)-hydroxy(phosphonooxy)phosphoryl]oxy}phosphoryl]-beta-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl}-1,9-dihydro-6H-purine-6-thione'>SGT</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">POLB ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN])</td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=5wnx FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=5wnx OCA], [http://pdbe.org/5wnx PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=5wnx RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/5wnx PDBsum], [http://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=5wnx ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Function ==
[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/DPOLB_HUMAN DPOLB_HUMAN]] Repair polymerase that plays a key role in base-excision repair. Has 5'-deoxyribose-5-phosphate lyase (dRP lyase) activity that removes the 5' sugar phosphate and also acts as a DNA polymerase that adds one nucleotide to the 3' end of the arising single-nucleotide gap. Conducts 'gap-filling' DNA synthesis in a stepwise distributive fashion rather than in a processive fashion as for other DNA polymerases.<ref>PMID:9207062</ref> <ref>PMID:9572863</ref> <ref>PMID:11805079</ref> <ref>PMID:21362556</ref>  
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Members of the nucleoside analogue class of cancer therapeutics compete with canonical nucleotides to disrupt numerous cellular processes, including nucleotide homeostasis, DNA and RNA synthesis, and nucleotide metabolism. Nucleoside analogues are triphosphorylated and subsequently inserted into genomic DNA, contributing to the efficacy of therapeutic nucleosides in multiple ways. In some cases, the altered base acts as a mutagen, altering the DNA sequence to promote cellular death; in others, insertion of the altered nucleotide triggers DNA repair pathways, which produce lethal levels of cytotoxic intermediates such as single and double stranded DNA breaks. As a prerequisite to many of these biological outcomes, the modified nucleotide must be accommodated in the DNA polymerase active site during nucleotide insertion. Currently, the molecular contacts that mediate DNA polymerase insertion of modified nucleotides remain unknown for multiple therapeutic compounds, despite decades of clinical use. To determine how modified bases are inserted into duplex DNA, we used mammalian DNA polymerase beta (pol beta) to visualize the structural conformations of four therapeutically relevant modified nucleotides, 6-thio-2'-deoxyguanosine-5'-triphosphate (6-TdGTP), 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine-5'-triphosphate (5-FdUTP), 5-formyl-deoxycytosine-5'-triphosphate (5-FodCTP), and 5-formyl-deoxyuridine-5'-triphosphate (5-FodUTP). Together, the structures reveal a pattern in which the modified nucleotides utilize Watson-Crick base pairing interactions similar to that of unmodified nucleotides. The nucleotide modifications were consistently positioned in the major groove of duplex DNA, accommodated by an open cavity in pol beta. These results provide novel information for the rational design of new therapeutic nucleoside analogues and a greater understanding of how modified nucleotides are tolerated by polymerases.

Structures of a DNA Polymerase Inserting Therapeutic Nucleotide Analogues.,Schaich MA, Smith MR, Cloud AS, Holloran SM, Freudenthal BD Chem Res Toxicol. 2017 Sep 1. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.7b00173. PMID:28862449<ref>PMID:28862449</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 5wnx" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Human]]
[[Category: Cloud, A S]]
[[Category: Freudenthal, B D]]
[[Category: Holloran, S M]]
[[Category: Schaich, M A]]
[[Category: Smith, M R]]
[[Category: Dna ligase-dna]]
[[Category: Dna ligase/dna]]
[[Category: Transferase]]
[[Category: Transferase complex]]