View source for 4bbz


==Structure of human butyrylcholinesterase inhibited by CBDP (2-min soak): Cresyl-phosphoserine adduct==
<StructureSection load='4bbz' size='340' side='right' caption='[[4bbz]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.70&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[4bbz]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human Human]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=4BBZ OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4BBZ FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=4OJ:(2-METHYLPHENYL)+DIHYDROGEN+PHOSPHATE'>4OJ</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=CL:CHLORIDE+ION'>CL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=NAG:N-ACETYL-D-GLUCOSAMINE'>NAG</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=SO4:SULFATE+ION'>SO4</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=UNX:UNKNOWN+ATOM+OR+ION'>UNX</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=FUL:BETA-L-FUCOSE'>FUL</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[1eho|1eho]], [[1ehq|1ehq]], [[1kcj|1kcj]], [[1p0i|1p0i]], [[1p0m|1p0m]], [[1p0p|1p0p]], [[1p0q|1p0q]], [[1xlu|1xlu]], [[1xlv|1xlv]], [[1xlw|1xlw]], [[2j4c|2j4c]], [[2wid|2wid]], [[2wif|2wif]], [[2wig|2wig]], [[2wij|2wij]], [[2wik|2wik]], [[2wil|2wil]], [[2wsl|2wsl]], [[2xmb|2xmb]], [[2xmc|2xmc]], [[2xmd|2xmd]], [[2xmg|2xmg]], [[2xqf|2xqf]], [[2xqg|2xqg]], [[2xqi|2xqi]], [[2xqj|2xqj]], [[2xqk|2xqk]], [[2y1k|2y1k]], [[4aqd|4aqd]], [[4axb|4axb]], [[4b0o|4b0o]], [[4b0p|4b0p]], [[4bc0|4bc0]], [[4bc1|4bc1]]</td></tr>
<tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholinesterase Cholinesterase], with EC number [http://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=3.1.1.8 3.1.1.8] </span></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4bbz FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=4bbz OCA], [http://pdbe.org/4bbz PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=4bbz RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/4bbz PDBsum], [http://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=4bbz ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Disease ==
[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CHLE_HUMAN CHLE_HUMAN]] Defects in BCHE are the cause of butyrylcholinesterase deficiency (BChE deficiency) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/177400 177400]]. BChE deficiency is a metabolic disorder characterized by prolonged apnoea after the use of certain anesthetic drugs, including the muscle relaxants succinylcholine or mivacurium and other ester local anesthetics. The duration of the prolonged apnoea varies significantly depending on the extent of the enzyme deficiency. BChE deficiency is a multifactorial disorder. The hereditary condition is transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait. 
== Function ==
[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CHLE_HUMAN CHLE_HUMAN]] Esterase with broad substrate specificity. Contributes to the inactivation of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Can degrade neurotoxic organophosphate esters.<ref>PMID:19542320</ref> <ref>PMID:19452557</ref>  
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Tri-o-cresyl-phosphate (TOCP) is a common additive in jet engine lubricants and hydraulic fluids suspected to have a role in the aerotoxic syndrom in humans. TOCP is metabolized to cresyl saligenin phosphate (CBDP), a potent irreversible inhibitor of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), a natural bioscavenger present in the bloodstream, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE), the off-switch at cholinergic synapses. Mechanistic details of cholinesterase (ChE) inhibition have, however, remained elusive. Also, the inhibition of AChE by CBDP is unexpected, from a structural standpoint, i.e. considering the narrowness of AChE active site and the bulkiness of CBDP. In the following, we report on kinetic X-ray crystallography experiments that provided 2.7-3.3 A snapshots of the reaction of CBDP with mouse AChE and human BChE. The series of crystallographic snapshots reveals that AChE and BChE react with the opposite enantiomers, and that an induced-fit rearrangement of Phe297 enlarges the active site of AChE upon CBDP binding. Mass spectrometry analysis of aging in either H216O or H218O furthermore allowed identifying the inhibition steps in which water molecules are involved, thus providing insights in the mechanistic details of inhibition. Both X-ray crystallography and mass spectrometry show the formation of an aged end product formed in both AChE and BChE that cannot be reactivated by current oxime-based therapeutics. Our study thus shows that only prophylactic and symptomatic treatments are viable to counter the inhibition of AChE and BChE by CBDP.

Inhibition pathways of the potent organophosphate CBDP with cholinesterases revealed by X-ray crystallographic snapshots and mass spectrometry.,Carletti E, Colletier JP, Schopfer LM, Santoni G, Masson P, Lockridge O, Nachon F, Weik M Chem Res Toxicol. 2013 Jan 22. PMID:23339663<ref>PMID:23339663</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 4bbz" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[Butyrylcholinesterase|Butyrylcholinesterase]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Cholinesterase]]
[[Category: Human]]
[[Category: Carletti, E]]
[[Category: Colletier, J P]]
[[Category: Lockridge, O]]
[[Category: Masson, P]]
[[Category: Nachon, F]]
[[Category: Santoni, G]]
[[Category: Schopfer, L M]]
[[Category: Weik, M]]
[[Category: Acetylcholinesterase]]
[[Category: Alpha-beta hydrolase]]
[[Category: Hydrolase]]
[[Category: Inhibition]]
[[Category: Nerve transmission]]