View source for 4mo8


==The crystal structure of the human carbonic anhydrase II in complex with N-[2-(2-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)ethyl]sulfamide==
<StructureSection load='4mo8' size='340' side='right' caption='[[4mo8]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.85&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[4mo8]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human Human]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=4MO8 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4MO8 FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=2VQ:N-[2-(2-METHYL-5-NITRO-1H-IMIDAZOL-1-YL)ETHYL]SULFAMIDE'>2VQ</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=ZN:ZINC+ION'>ZN</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[4l84|4l84]]</td></tr>
<tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">CA2 ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN])</td></tr>
<tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonate_dehydratase Carbonate dehydratase], with EC number [http://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=4.2.1.1 4.2.1.1] </span></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4mo8 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=4mo8 OCA], [http://pdbe.org/4mo8 PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=4mo8 RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/4mo8 PDBsum], [http://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=4mo8 ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Disease ==
[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CAH2_HUMAN CAH2_HUMAN]] Defects in CA2 are the cause of osteopetrosis autosomal recessive type 3 (OPTB3) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/259730 259730]]; also known as osteopetrosis with renal tubular acidosis, carbonic anhydrase II deficiency syndrome, Guibaud-Vainsel syndrome or marble brain disease. Osteopetrosis is a rare genetic disease characterized by abnormally dense bone, due to defective resorption of immature bone. The disorder occurs in two forms: a severe autosomal recessive form occurring in utero, infancy, or childhood, and a benign autosomal dominant form occurring in adolescence or adulthood. Autosomal recessive osteopetrosis is usually associated with normal or elevated amount of non-functional osteoclasts. OPTB3 is associated with renal tubular acidosis, cerebral calcification (marble brain disease) and in some cases with mental retardation.<ref>PMID:1928091</ref> <ref>PMID:1542674</ref> <ref>PMID:8834238</ref> <ref>PMID:9143915</ref> <ref>PMID:15300855</ref>  
== Function ==
[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CAH2_HUMAN CAH2_HUMAN]] Essential for bone resorption and osteoclast differentiation (By similarity). Reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. Can hydrate cyanamide to urea. Involved in the regulation of fluid secretion into the anterior chamber of the eye.<ref>PMID:10550681</ref> <ref>PMID:11831900</ref>  
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== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
A series of nitroimidazoles incorporating sulfonamide/sulfamide/sulfamate moieties were designed and synthesized as radio/chemosensitizing agent targeting the tumor-associated carbonic anhydrase (CA) isoforms IX and XII. Most of the new compounds were nanomolar inhibitors of these isoforms. Crystallographic studies on the complex of hCA II with the lead sulfamide derivative of this series, clarified the binding mode of this type of inhibitors in the enzyme active site cavity. Some of the best nitroimidazole CA IX inhibitors showed significant activity in vitro by reducing hypoxia-induced extracellular acidosis in HT-29 and HeLa cell lines. In vivo testing of the lead molecule in the sulfamide series, in co-treatment with doxorubicin, demonstrated a chemosensitization of CA IX containing tumors. Such CA inhibitors, specifically targeting the tumor-associated isoforms, are candidates for novel treatment strategies against hypoxic tumors overexpressing extracellular CA isozymes.

Hypoxia-targeting Carbonic Anhydrase IX inhibitors by a new series of nitroimidazole-sulfonamides /sulfamides/ sulfamates.,Rami M, Dubois L, Parvathaneni NK, Alterio V, van Kuijk S, Monti SM, Lambin P, De Simone G, Supuran CT, Winum JY J Med Chem. 2013 Oct 15. PMID:24128000<ref>PMID:24128000</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
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<div class="pdbe-citations 4mo8" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[Carbonic anhydrase|Carbonic anhydrase]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Carbonate dehydratase]]
[[Category: Human]]
[[Category: Alterio, V]]
[[Category: Simone, G De]]
[[Category: Lyase-lyase inhibitor complex]]
[[Category: Sulfamide]]
[[Category: Zinc binding]]