View source for 3sd5


==Crystal Structure of PI3K gamma with 5-(2,4-dimorpholinopyrimidin-6-yl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-amine==
<StructureSection load='3sd5' size='340' side='right' caption='[[3sd5]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 3.20&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[3sd5]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human Human]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3SD5 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3SD5 FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=SD5:5-[2,6-DI(MORPHOLIN-4-YL)PYRIMIDIN-4-YL]-4-(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)PYRIDIN-2-AMINE'>SD5</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[3p2b|3p2b]]</td></tr>
<tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">PIK3CG ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN])</td></tr>
<tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate_3-kinase Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase], with EC number [http://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=2.7.1.153 2.7.1.153] </span></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3sd5 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=3sd5 OCA], [http://pdbe.org/3sd5 PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=3sd5 RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/3sd5 PDBsum], [http://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=3sd5 ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Function ==
[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PK3CG_HUMAN PK3CG_HUMAN]] Phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) that phosphorylates PtdIns(4,5)P2 (Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate) to generate phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3). PIP3 plays a key role by recruiting PH domain-containing proteins to the membrane, including AKT1 and PDPK1, activating signaling cascades involved in cell growth, survival, proliferation, motility and morphology. Links G-protein coupled receptor activation to PIP3 production. Involved in immune, inflammatory and allergic responses. Modulates leukocyte chemotaxis to inflammatory sites and in response to chemoattractant agents. May control leukocyte polarization and migration by regulating the spatial accumulation of PIP3 and by regulating the organization of F-actin formation and integrin-based adhesion at the leading edge. Controls motility of dendritic cells. Together with PIK3CD is involved in natural killer (NK) cell development and migration towards the sites of inflammation. Participates in T-lymphocyte migration. Regulates T-lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine production. Together with PIK3CD participates in T-lymphocyte development. Required for B-lymphocyte development and signaling. Together with PIK3CD participates in neutrophil respiratory burst. Together with PIK3CD is involved in neutrophil chemotaxis and extravasation. Together with PIK3CB promotes platelet aggregation and thrombosis. Regulates alpha-IIb/beta-3 integrins (ITGA2B/ ITGB3) adhesive function in platelets downstream of P2Y12 through a lipid kinase activity-independent mechanism. May have also a lipid kinase activity-dependent function in platelet aggregation. Involved in endothelial progenitor cell migration. Negative regulator of cardiac contractility. Modulates cardiac contractility by anchoring protein kinase A (PKA) and PDE3B activation, reducing cAMP levels. Regulates cardiac contractility also by promoting beta-adrenergic receptor internalization by binding to ADRBK1 and by non-muscle tropomyosin phosphorylation. Also has serine/threonine protein kinase activity: both lipid and protein kinase activities are required for beta-adrenergic receptor endocytosis. May also have a scaffolding role in modulating cardiac contractility. Contributes to cardiac hypertrophy under pathological stress. Through simultaneous binding of PDE3B to RAPGEF3 and PIK3R6 is assembled in a signaling complex in which the PI3K gamma complex is activated by RAPGEF3 and which is involved in angiogenesis.<ref>PMID:7624799</ref> <ref>PMID:12163475</ref> <ref>PMID:15294162</ref> <ref>PMID:16094730</ref> <ref>PMID:21393242</ref>  
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Following the discovery of NVP-BEZ235, our first dual pan-PI3K/mTOR clinical compound, we sought to identify additional PI3K inhibitors from different chemical classes with a different selectivity profile. The key to achieve these objectives was to couple a structure-based design approach with intensive pharmacological evaluation of selected compounds during the medicinal chemistry optimization process. Here we report on the biological characterization of the 2-morpholino pyrimidine derivative pan-PI3K inhibitor NVP-BKM120. This compound inhibits all four Class I PI3K isoforms in biochemical assays with at least 50-fold selectivity against other protein kinases. The compound is also active against the most common somatic PI3Kalpha mutations but does not significantly inhibit the related Class III (Vps34) and Class IV (mTOR, DNA-PK) PI3K kinases. Consistent with its mechanism of action, NVP-BKM120 decreases the cellular levels of p-Akt in mechanistic models and relevant tumor cell lines, as well as downstream effectors in a concentration dependent and pathway specific manner. Tested in a panel of 353 cell lines, NVP-BKM120 exhibited preferential inhibition of tumor cells bearing PIK3CA mutations, in contrast to either KRAS or PTEN mutant models. NVP-BKM120 shows dose-dependent in vivo pharmacodynamic activity as measured by significant inhibition of p-Akt and tumor growth inhibition in mechanistic xenograft models. NVP-BKM120 behaves synergistically when combined with either targeted agents such as MEK or HER2 inhibitors or with cytotoxic agents such as Docetaxel or Temozolomide. The pharmacological, biological and preclinical safety profile of NVP-BKM120 supports its clinical development and the compound is undergoing Phase II clinical trials in cancer patients.

Identification and characterization of NVP-BKM120, an orally available pan class I PI3-Kinase inhibitor.,Maira SM, Pecchi S, Huang A, Burger M, Knapp M, Sterker D, Schnell C, Guthy D, Nagel T, Wiesmann M, Brachmann SM, Fritsch C, Dorsch M, Chene P, Shoemaker K, De Pover A, Menezes D, Martiny-Baron G, Fabbro D, Wilson C, Schlegel R, Hofmann F, Garcia-Echeverria C, Sellers WR, Voliva CF Mol Cancer Ther. 2011 Dec 21. PMID:22188813<ref>PMID:22188813</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 3sd5" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[Phosphoinositide 3-Kinases|Phosphoinositide 3-Kinases]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Human]]
[[Category: Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase]]
[[Category: Elling, R A]]
[[Category: Knapp, M S]]
[[Category: Lipid kinase]]
[[Category: Transferase-transferase inhibitor complex]]