View source for 3qlc


==Complex structure of ATRX ADD domain bound to unmodified H3 1-15 peptide==
<StructureSection load='3qlc' size='340' side='right' caption='[[3qlc]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.50&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[3qlc]] is a 4 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human Human]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3QLC OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3QLC FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=ZN:ZINC+ION'>ZN</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[3ql9|3ql9]], [[3qla|3qla]], [[3qln|3qln]]</td></tr>
<tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">ATRX, RAD54L, XH2 ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN])</td></tr>
<tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_helicase DNA helicase], with EC number [http://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=3.6.4.12 3.6.4.12] </span></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3qlc FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=3qlc OCA], [http://pdbe.org/3qlc PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=3qlc RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/3qlc PDBsum], [http://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=3qlc ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Disease ==
[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/ATRX_HUMAN ATRX_HUMAN]] Defects in ATRX are the cause of alpha-thalassemia mental retardation syndrome X-linked (ATRX) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/301040 301040]]. ATR-X is an X-linked disorder comprising severe psychomotor retardation, facial dysmorphism, urogenital abnormalities, and alpha-thalassemia. An essential phenotypic trait are hemoglobin H erythrocyte inclusions.<ref>PMID:8968741</ref> <ref>PMID:7697714</ref> <ref>PMID:9043863</ref> <ref>PMID:9326931</ref> <ref>PMID:10660327</ref> <ref>PMID:10417298</ref> <ref>PMID:10204841</ref> <ref>PMID:10995512</ref> <ref>PMID:12116232</ref> <ref>PMID:16955409</ref>   Defects in ATRX are the cause of mental retardation syndromic X-linked with hypotonic facies syndrome type 1 (MRXSHF1) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/309580 309580]]; also called Carpenter-Waziri syndrome (CWS), Juberg-Marsidi syndrome (JMS), Smith-Fineman-Myers syndrome type 1 (SFM1). Clinical features include severe mental retardation, dysmorphic facies, and a highly skewed X-inactivation pattern in carrier women. Other more variable features include hypogonadism, deafness, renal anomalies, and mild skeletal defects.<ref>PMID:10751095</ref> <ref>PMID:8630485</ref> <ref>PMID:10398237</ref> <ref>PMID:11050622</ref> <ref>PMID:16222662</ref> <ref>PMID:15565397</ref>   Defects in ATRX are a cause of alpha-thalassemia myelodysplasia syndrome (ATMDS) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/300448 300448]]. In this disorder, alpha-thalassemia occurs as an acquired abnormality in association with a multilineage myelodysplasia.<ref>PMID:12858175</ref>  
== Function ==
[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/ATRX_HUMAN ATRX_HUMAN]] Could be a global transcriptional regulator. Modifies gene expression by affecting chromatin. May be involved in brain development and facial morphogenesis. 
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
ATR-X (alpha-thalassemia/mental retardation, X-linked) syndrome is a human congenital disorder that causes severe intellectual disabilities. Mutations in the ATRX gene, which encodes an ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeler, are responsible for the syndrome. Approximately 50% of the missense mutations in affected persons are clustered in a cysteine-rich domain termed ADD (ATRX-DNMT3-DNMT3L, ADD(ATRX)), whose function has remained elusive. Here we identify ADD(ATRX) as a previously unknown histone H3-binding module, whose binding is promoted by lysine 9 trimethylation (H3K9me3) but inhibited by lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3). The cocrystal structure of ADD(ATRX) bound to H3(1-15)K9me3 peptide reveals an atypical composite H3K9me3-binding pocket, which is distinct from the conventional trimethyllysine-binding aromatic cage. Notably, H3K9me3-pocket mutants and ATR-X syndrome mutants are defective in both H3K9me3 binding and localization at pericentromeric heterochromatin; thus, we have discovered a unique histone-recognition mechanism underlying the ATR-X etiology.

ATRX ADD domain links an atypical histone methylation recognition mechanism to human mental-retardation syndrome.,Iwase S, Xiang B, Ghosh S, Ren T, Lewis PW, Cochrane JC, Allis CD, Picketts DJ, Patel DJ, Li H, Shi Y Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2011 Jun 12;18(7):769-76. doi: 10.1038/nsmb.2062. PMID:21666679<ref>PMID:21666679</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 3qlc" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[Helicase|Helicase]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: DNA helicase]]
[[Category: Human]]
[[Category: Li, H]]
[[Category: Patel, D J]]
[[Category: Atp-dependent chromatin remodeller]]
[[Category: Chromatin binding]]
[[Category: Histone-binding protein]]
[[Category: Lysine methylation]]
[[Category: Nuclear protein]]
[[Category: Transcription-structural protein complex]]
[[Category: Zinc finger]]