View source for 2fdh

==Crystal Structure of AlkB in complex with Mn(II), 2-oxoglutarate, and methylated trinucleotide T-meA-T==
<StructureSection load='2fdh' size='340' side='right' caption='[[2fdh]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.10&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[2fdh]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecoli Ecoli]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=2FDH OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2FDH FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=AKG:2-OXOGLUTARIC+ACID'>AKG</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=MN:MANGANESE+(II)+ION'>MN</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='NonStdRes'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Non-Standard_Residue|NonStd Res:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=MA7:1N-METHYLADENOSINE-5-MONOPHOSPHATE'>MA7</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[2fd8|2fd8]], [[2fdf|2fdf]], [[2fdg|2fdg]], [[2fdi|2fdi]], [[2fdj|2fdj]], [[2fdk|2fdk]]</td></tr>
<tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">alkB, aidD ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=83333 ECOLI])</td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=2fdh FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=2fdh OCA], [http://pdbe.org/2fdh PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=2fdh RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/2fdh PDBsum], [http://www.topsan.org/Proteins/NESGC/2fdh TOPSAN]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Function ==
[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/ALKB_ECOLI ALKB_ECOLI]] Dioxygenase that repairs alkylated DNA and RNA containing 3-methylcytosine or 1-methyladenine by oxidative demethylation. Has highest activity towards 3-methylcytosine. Has lower activity towards alkylated DNA containing ethenoadenine, and no detectable activity towards 1-methylguanine or 3-methylthymine. Accepts double-stranded and single-stranded substrates. Requires molecular oxygen, alpha-ketoglutarate and iron. Provides extensive resistance to alkylating agents such as MMS and DMS (SN2 agents), but not to MMNG and MNU (SN1 agents).<ref>PMID:12226668</ref> <ref>PMID:12594517</ref> <ref>PMID:16482161</ref> <ref>PMID:19706517</ref> <ref>PMID:21068844</ref> <ref>PMID:20084272</ref>  
== Evolutionary Conservation ==
[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]]
Check<jmol>
  <jmolCheckbox>
    <scriptWhenChecked>select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/fd/2fdh_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
    <scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>
    <text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
  </jmolCheckbox>
</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/chain_selection.php?pdb_ID=2ata ConSurf].
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== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Nucleic acid damage by environmental and endogenous alkylation reagents creates lesions that are both mutagenic and cytotoxic, with the latter effect accounting for their widespread use in clinical cancer chemotherapy. Escherichia coli AlkB and the homologous human proteins ABH2 and ABH3 (refs 5, 7) promiscuously repair DNA and RNA bases damaged by S(N)2 alkylation reagents, which attach hydrocarbons to endocyclic ring nitrogen atoms (N1 of adenine and guanine and N3 of thymine and cytosine). Although the role of AlkB in DNA repair has long been established based on phenotypic studies, its exact biochemical activity was only elucidated recently after sequence profile analysis revealed it to be a member of the Fe-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase superfamily. These enzymes use an Fe(II) cofactor and 2-oxoglutarate co-substrate to oxidize organic substrates. AlkB hydroxylates an alkylated nucleotide base to produce an unstable product that releases an aldehyde to regenerate the unmodified base. Here we have determined crystal structures of substrate and product complexes of E. coli AlkB at resolutions from 1.8 to 2.3 A. Whereas the Fe-2-oxoglutarate dioxygenase core matches that in other superfamily members, a unique subdomain holds a methylated trinucleotide substrate into the active site through contacts to the polynucleotide backbone. Amide hydrogen exchange studies and crystallographic analyses suggest that this substrate-binding 'lid' is conformationally flexible, which may enable docking of diverse alkylated nucleotide substrates in optimal catalytic geometry. Different crystal structures show open and closed states of a tunnel putatively gating O2 diffusion into the active site. Exposing crystals of the anaerobic Michaelis complex to air yields slow but substantial oxidation of 2-oxoglutarate that is inefficiently coupled to nucleotide oxidation. These observations suggest that protein dynamics modulate redox chemistry and that a hypothesized migration of the reactive oxy-ferryl ligand on the catalytic Fe ion may be impeded when the protein is constrained in the crystal lattice.

Crystal structures of catalytic complexes of the oxidative DNA/RNA repair enzyme AlkB.,Yu B, Edstrom WC, Benach J, Hamuro Y, Weber PC, Gibney BR, Hunt JF Nature. 2006 Feb 16;439(7078):879-84. PMID:16482161<ref>PMID:16482161</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
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<div class="pdbe-citations 2fdh" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[Dioxygenase|Dioxygenase]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Ecoli]]
[[Category: Benach, J]]
[[Category: Edstrom, W C]]
[[Category: Gibney, B R]]
[[Category: Hunt, J F]]
[[Category: Structural genomic]]
[[Category: Yu, B]]
[[Category: Beta jellyroll]]
[[Category: Nesg]]
[[Category: Oxidoreductase-dna complex]]
[[Category: PSI, Protein structure initiative]]