View source for 1jiq

==Crystal Structure of Human Autocrine Motility Factor==
<StructureSection load='1jiq' size='340' side='right' caption='[[1jiq]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.90&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[1jiq]] is a 4 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=1JIQ OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1JIQ FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucose-6-phosphate_isomerase Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase], with EC number [http://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=5.3.1.9 5.3.1.9] </span></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=1jiq FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=1jiq OCA], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=1jiq RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/1jiq PDBsum]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Disease ==
[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/G6PI_HUMAN G6PI_HUMAN]] Defects in GPI are the cause of hemolytic anemia non-spherocytic due to glucose phosphate isomerase deficiency (HA-GPID) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/613470 613470]]. It is a form of anemia in which there is no abnormal hemoglobin or spherocytosis. It is caused by glucose phosphate isomerase deficiency. Severe GPI deficiency can be associated with hydrops fetalis, immediate neonatal death and neurological impairment. 
== Function ==
[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/G6PI_HUMAN G6PI_HUMAN]] Besides it's role as a glycolytic enzyme, mammalian GPI can function as a tumor-secreted cytokine and an angiogenic factor (AMF) that stimulates endothelial cell motility. GPI is also a neurotrophic factor (Neuroleukin) for spinal and sensory neurons.<ref>PMID:11004567</ref> <ref>PMID:11437381</ref> <ref>PMID:12163179</ref>  
== Evolutionary Conservation ==
[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]]
Check<jmol>
  <jmolCheckbox>
    <scriptWhenChecked>select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/ji/1jiq_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
    <scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>
    <text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
  </jmolCheckbox>
</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/chain_selection.php?pdb_ID=2ata ConSurf].
<div style="clear:both"></div>
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Autocrine motility factor (AMF), a tumor-secreted cytokine, stimulates cell migration in vitro and metastasis in vivo. AMF is genetically identical with the extracellular cytokines neuroleukin (NLK) and maturation factor (MF) and, interestingly, the intracellular enzyme phosphohexose isomerase (PHI). The crystal structures of the inhibitor-free open form and the inhibitor (erythrose 4-phosphate, E4P, a strong inhibitor of AMF's cytokine activity)-bound closed form of human AMF have been determined at 1.9 A and 2.4 A resolution, respectively. Upon E4P binding, local conformation changes (open to closed) occur around the inhibitor-binding site. The E4P-bound structure shows that the location of the inhibitor (of cytokine activity) binding site of human AMF is very similar to those of the inhibitor (of enzymatic activity) binding sites of PHIs. The present study shows clearly that there is structural overlap of the regions responsible for the enzymatic and cytokine functions of AMF and PHI and suggests two scenarios for the inhibition mechanism of cytokine activity of AMF by the carbohydrate phosphate group. One likely scenario is that the compound could compete for AMF binding with the carbohydrate moiety of the AMF receptor (AMFR), which is a glycosylated seven-transmembrane helix protein. The other scenario is that the local conformation changes upon inhibitor binding may affect the AMF-AMFR interactions. To examine roles of the residues in the inhibitor-binding site, two mutant AMFs were prepared. Replacements of His389, which is hydrogen-bonded to the hydroxyl group of E4P by Phe, and Thr215, which is hydrogen-bonded to the phosphate group of E4P by Asp, result in mutant AMFs that are impaired in cytokine activity. These results suggest a role for these amino acids in recognition of a carbohydrate moiety of the AMFR. Since the E4P is one of the smallest compounds having AMF inhibitor activity, knowledge of the present crystal structure would provide an insight into the lead compound design of more effective AMF inhibitors.

Inhibition mechanism of cytokine activity of human autocrine motility factor examined by crystal structure analyses and site-directed mutagenesis studies.,Tanaka N, Haga A, Uemura H, Akiyama H, Funasaka T, Nagase H, Raz A, Nakamura KT J Mol Biol. 2002 May 10;318(4):985-97. PMID:12054796<ref>PMID:12054796</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
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==See Also==
*[[Phosphoglucoisomerase|Phosphoglucoisomerase]]
*[[Phosphoglucose isomerase|Phosphoglucose isomerase]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase]]
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Akiyama, H]]
[[Category: Funasaka, T]]
[[Category: Haga, A]]
[[Category: Nagase, H]]
[[Category: Nakamura, K T]]
[[Category: Raz, A]]
[[Category: Tanaka, N]]
[[Category: Uemura, H]]
[[Category: Autocrine motility factor]]
[[Category: Cytokine]]
[[Category: Isomerase]]