View source for 3bvh

==Crystal Structure of Recombinant gammaD364A Fibrinogen Fragment D with the Peptide Ligand Gly-Pro-Arg-Pro-Amide==
<StructureSection load='3bvh' size='340' side='right' caption='[[3bvh]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.60&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[3bvh]] is a 10 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3BVH OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3BVH FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=CA:CALCIUM+ION'>CA</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=FUC:ALPHA-L-FUCOSE'>FUC</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=NAG:N-ACETYL-D-GLUCOSAMINE'>NAG</scene><br>
<tr><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[1lt9|1lt9]], [[1ltj|1ltj]], [[1fza|1fza]]</td></tr>
<tr><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">FGA ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 Homo sapiens]), FGB ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 Homo sapiens]), FGG ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 Homo sapiens])</td></tr>
<tr><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-docs/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3bvh FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=3bvh OCA], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=3bvh RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/3bvh PDBsum]</span></td></tr>
<table>
== Disease ==
[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/FIBA_HUMAN FIBA_HUMAN]] Defects in FGA are a cause of congenital afibrinogenemia (CAFBN) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/202400 202400]]. This is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by bleeding that varies from mild to severe and by complete absence or extremely low levels of plasma and platelet fibrinogen. Note=The majority of cases of afibrinogenemia are due to truncating mutations. Variations in position Arg-35 (the site of cleavage of fibrinopeptide a by thrombin) leads to alpha-dysfibrinogenemias.  Defects in FGA are a cause of amyloidosis type 8 (AMYL8) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/105200 105200]]; also known as systemic non-neuropathic amyloidosis or Ostertag-type amyloidosis. AMYL8 is a hereditary generalized amyloidosis due to deposition of apolipoprotein A1, fibrinogen and lysozyme amyloids. Viscera are particularly affected. There is no involvement of the nervous system. Clinical features include renal amyloidosis resulting in nephrotic syndrome, arterial hypertension, hepatosplenomegaly, cholestasis, petechial skin rash.<ref>PMID:8097946</ref>  [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/FIBG_HUMAN FIBG_HUMAN]] Defects in FGG are a cause of congenital afibrinogenemia (CAFBN) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/202400 202400]]. This rare autosomal recessive disorder is characterized by bleeding that varies from mild to severe and by complete absence or extremely low levels of plasma and platelet fibrinogen. Note=Patients with congenital fibrinogen abnormalities can manifest different clinical pictures. Some cases are clinically silent, some show a tendency toward bleeding and some show a predisposition for thrombosis with or without bleeding. [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/FIBB_HUMAN FIBB_HUMAN]] Defects in FGB are a cause of congenital afibrinogenemia (CAFBN) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/202400 202400]]. This rare autosomal recessive disorder is characterized by bleeding that varies from mild to severe and by complete absence or extremely low levels of plasma and platelet fibrinogen. Note=Patients with congenital fibrinogen abnormalities can manifest different clinical pictures. Some cases are clinically silent, some show a tendency toward bleeding and some show a predisposition for thrombosis with or without bleeding. 
== Function ==
[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/FIBA_HUMAN FIBA_HUMAN]] Fibrinogen has a double function: yielding monomers that polymerize into fibrin and acting as a cofactor in platelet aggregation. [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/FIBG_HUMAN FIBG_HUMAN]] Fibrinogen has a double function: yielding monomers that polymerize into fibrin and acting as a cofactor in platelet aggregation. [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/FIBB_HUMAN FIBB_HUMAN]] Fibrinogen has a double function: yielding monomers that polymerize into fibrin and acting as a cofactor in platelet aggregation. 
== Evolutionary Conservation ==
[[Image:Consurf_key_small.gif|200px|right]]
Check<jmol>
  <jmolCheckbox>
    <scriptWhenChecked>select protein; define ~consurf_to_do selected; consurf_initial_scene = true; script "/wiki/ConSurf/bv/3bvh_consurf.spt"</scriptWhenChecked>
    <scriptWhenUnchecked>script /wiki/extensions/Proteopedia/spt/initialview01.spt</scriptWhenUnchecked>
    <text>to colour the structure by Evolutionary Conservation</text>
  </jmolCheckbox>
</jmol>, as determined by [http://consurfdb.tau.ac.il/ ConSurfDB]. You may read the [[Conservation%2C_Evolutionary|explanation]] of the method and the full data available from [http://bental.tau.ac.il/new_ConSurfDB/chain_selection.php?pdb_ID=2ata ConSurf].
<div style="clear:both"></div>
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Fibrin polymerization is supported in part by interactions called "A:a". Crystallographic studies revealed gamma364Asp is part of hole "a" that interacts with knob "A" peptide mimic, GPRP. Biochemical studies have shown gamma364Asp is critical to polymerization, as polymerization of variants gammaD364A, gammaD364H, and gammaD364V is exceptionally impaired. To understand the molecular basis for the aberrant function, we solved the crystal structure of fragment D from gammaD364A. Surprisingly, the structure (rfD-gammaD364A+GP) showed near normal "A:a" interactions with GPRP bound to hole "a" and no change in the overall structure of gammaD364A. Of note, inspection of the structure showed negative electrostatic potential inside hole "a" was diminished by this substitution. We examined GPRP binding to the gamma364Asp variants in solution by plasmin protection assay. We found no protection of either gammaD364H or gammaD364V but partial protection of gammaD364A, indicating the peptide does not bind to either gammaD364H or gammaD364V and binds more weakly than normal to gammaD364A. We also examined protection by calcium and found all variants were indistinguishable from normal, suggesting the global structures of the variants are not markedly different from normal. Our data imply that gamma364Asp per se is not required for knob "A" binding to hole "a"; rather, this residue's negative charge has a critical role in the electrostatic interactions that facilitate the important first step in fibrin polymerization.

Polymerization-defective fibrinogen variant gammaD364A binds knob "A" peptide mimic.,Bowley SR, Merenbloom BK, Okumura N, Betts L, Heroux A, Gorkun OV, Lord ST Biochemistry. 2008 Aug 19;47(33):8607-13. Epub 2008 Jul 22. PMID:18642883<ref>PMID:18642883</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>

==See Also==
*[[Fibrinogen|Fibrinogen]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Betts, L.]]
[[Category: Bowley, S R.]]
[[Category: Gorkun, O V.]]
[[Category: Heroux, A.]]
[[Category: Lord, S T.]]
[[Category: Merenbloom, B K.]]
[[Category: Okumura, N.]]
[[Category: Blood clotting]]
[[Category: Blood coagulation]]
[[Category: Disease mutation]]
[[Category: Glycoprotein]]
[[Category: Phosphoprotein]]
[[Category: Pyrrolidone carboxylic acid]]
[[Category: Secreted]]
[[Category: Sulfation]]