View source for 4dch

{{STRUCTURE_4dch|  PDB=4dch  |  SCENE=  }} 
===Insights into Glucokinase Activation Mechanism: Observation of Multiple Distinct Protein Conformations===
{{ABSTRACT_PUBMED_22298776}}

==Disease==
[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/HXK4_HUMAN HXK4_HUMAN]] Defects in GCK are the cause of maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 2 (MODY2) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/125851 125851]]; also shortened MODY-2. MODY is a form of diabetes that is characterized by an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance, onset in childhood or early adulthood (usually before 25 years of age), a primary defect in insulin secretion and frequent insulin-independence at the beginning of the disease.<ref>PMID:1502186</ref><ref>PMID:1464666</ref><ref>PMID:1303265</ref><ref>PMID:8495817</ref><ref>PMID:8325892</ref><ref>PMID:8446612</ref><ref>PMID:8168652</ref><ref>PMID:9049484</ref><ref>PMID:10694920</ref><ref>PMID:9662401</ref><ref>PMID:10588527</ref><ref>PMID:11106831</ref><ref>PMID:11372010</ref>  Defects in GCK are the cause of familial hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia type 3 (HHF3) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/602485 602485]]; also known as persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy (PHHI) or congenital hyperinsulinism. HHF is the most common cause of persistent hypoglycemia in infancy. Unless early and aggressive intervention is undertaken, brain damage from recurrent episodes of hypoglycemia may occur.<ref>PMID:9435328</ref> 

==Function==
[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/HXK4_HUMAN HXK4_HUMAN]] Catalyzes the initial step in utilization of glucose by the beta-cell and liver at physiological glucose concentration. Glucokinase has a high Km for glucose, and so it is effective only when glucose is abundant. The role of GCK is to provide G6P for the synthesis of glycogen. Pancreatic glucokinase plays an important role in modulating insulin secretion. Hepatic glucokinase helps to facilitate the uptake and conversion of glucose by acting as an insulin-sensitive determinant of hepatic glucose usage. 

==About this Structure==
[[4dch]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=4DCH OCA]. 

==See Also==
*[[Hexokinase|Hexokinase]]

==Reference==
<ref group="xtra">PMID:022298776</ref><references group="xtra"/><references/>
[[Category: Glucokinase]]
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Feng, J.]]
[[Category: Garcia, E.]]
[[Category: Greasley, S E.]]
[[Category: Hickey, M.]]
[[Category: Gk beta cell]]
[[Category: Kinase]]
[[Category: Open conformation]]
[[Category: Small molecule]]
[[Category: Transferase]]