View source for 8h14


==Structure of SARS-CoV-1 Spike Protein with Engineered x3 Disulfide (D414C and V969C), Locked-1 Conformation==
<StructureSection load='8h14' size='340' side='right'caption='[[8h14]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 3.39&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[8h14]] is a 3 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=8H14 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=8H14 FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">Electron Microscopy, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 3.39&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=EIC:LINOLEIC+ACID'>EIC</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=NAG:N-ACETYL-D-GLUCOSAMINE'>NAG</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=8h14 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=8h14 OCA], [https://pdbe.org/8h14 PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=8h14 RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/8h14 PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=8h14 ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SPIKE_SARS SPIKE_SARS] May down-regulate host tetherin (BST2) by lysosomal degradation, thereby counteracting its antiviral activity.<ref>PMID:31199522</ref>   Attaches the virion to the cell membrane by interacting with host receptor, initiating the infection (By similarity). Binding to human ACE2 and CLEC4M/DC-SIGNR receptors and internalization of the virus into the endosomes of the host cell induces conformational changes in the S glycoprotein. Proteolysis by cathepsin CTSL may unmask the fusion peptide of S2 and activate membrane fusion within endosomes.[HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099]<ref>PMID:14670965</ref> <ref>PMID:15496474</ref>   Mediates fusion of the virion and cellular membranes by acting as a class I viral fusion protein. Under the current model, the protein has at least three conformational states: pre-fusion native state, pre-hairpin intermediate state, and post-fusion hairpin state. During viral and target cell membrane fusion, the coiled coil regions (heptad repeats) assume a trimer-of-hairpins structure, positioning the fusion peptide in close proximity to the C-terminal region of the ectodomain. The formation of this structure appears to drive apposition and subsequent fusion of viral and target cell membranes.[HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099]  Acts as a viral fusion peptide which is unmasked following S2 cleavage occurring upon virus endocytosis.[HAMAP-Rule:MF_04099]<ref>PMID:19321428</ref> 
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (S) is structurally dynamic and has been observed by cryo-EM to adopt a variety of prefusion conformations that can be categorized as locked, closed, and open. S-trimers adopting locked conformations are tightly packed featuring structural elements incompatible with RBD in the "up" position. For SARS-CoV-2 S, it has been shown that the locked conformations are transient under neutral pH. Probably because of their transience, locked conformations remain largely uncharacterized for SARS-CoV-1 S. In this study, we introduced x1, x2, and x3 disulfides into SARS-CoV-1 S. Some of these disulfides have been shown to preserve rare locked conformations when introduced to SARS-CoV-2 S. Introduction of these disulfides allowed us to image a variety of locked and other rare conformations for SARS-CoV-1 S by cryo-EM. We identified bound cofactors and structural features that are associated with SARS-CoV-1 S locked conformations. We compare newly determined structures with other available spike structures of SARS-related CoVs to identify conserved features and discuss their possible functions.

Disulfide stabilization reveals conserved dynamic features between SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 spikes.,Zhang X, Li Z, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Wang J, Liu B, Chen Q, Wang Q, Fu L, Wang P, Zhong X, Jin L, Yan Q, Chen L, He J, Zhao J, Xiong X Life Sci Alliance. 2023 Jul 4;6(9):e202201796. doi: 10.26508/lsa.202201796. Print , 2023 Sep. PMID:37402591<ref>PMID:37402591</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 8h14" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[Spike protein 3D structures|Spike protein 3D structures]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus]]
[[Category: Fu L]]
[[Category: He J]]
[[Category: Li Z]]
[[Category: Liu Y]]
[[Category: Wang J]]
[[Category: Wang P]]
[[Category: Xiong X]]
[[Category: Zhang X]]