View source for 6idf


==Cryo-EM structure of gamma secretase in complex with a Notch fragment==
<SX load='6idf' size='340' side='right' viewer='molstar' caption='[[6idf]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.70&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[6idf]] is a 5 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human Human]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=6IDF OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6IDF FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=BMA:BETA-D-MANNOSE'>BMA</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=CLR:CHOLESTEROL'>CLR</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=NAG:N-ACETYL-D-GLUCOSAMINE'>NAG</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=PC1:1,2-DIACYL-SN-GLYCERO-3-PHOSPHOCHOLINE'>PC1</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">NCSTN ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN]), PS1 ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN]), APH1A ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN]), PEN2 ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN])</td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6idf FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=6idf OCA], [http://pdbe.org/6idf PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=6idf RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/6idf PDBsum], [http://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=6idf ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Disease ==
[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PEN2_HUMAN PEN2_HUMAN]] Hidradenitis suppurativa. The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry. [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/NICA_HUMAN NICA_HUMAN]] Hidradenitis suppurativa. The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry. [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PSN1_HUMAN PSN1_HUMAN]] Defects in PSEN1 are a cause of Alzheimer disease type 3 (AD3) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/607822 607822]]. AD3 is a familial early-onset form of Alzheimer disease. Alzheimer disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive dementia, loss of cognitive abilities, and deposition of fibrillar amyloid proteins as intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles, extracellular amyloid plaques and vascular amyloid deposits. The major constituent of these plaques is the neurotoxic amyloid-beta-APP 40-42 peptide (s), derived proteolytically from the transmembrane precursor protein APP by sequential secretase processing. The cytotoxic C-terminal fragments (CTFs) and the caspase-cleaved products such as C31 derived from APP, are also implicated in neuronal death.<ref>PMID:12058025</ref> <ref>PMID:7596406</ref> <ref>PMID:8634711</ref> <ref>PMID:8634712</ref> <ref>PMID:7651536</ref> <ref>PMID:7550356</ref> <ref>PMID:8733303</ref> <ref>PMID:9225696</ref> <ref>PMID:9298817</ref> <ref>PMID:9172170</ref> <ref>PMID:9833068</ref> <ref>PMID:9384602</ref> <ref>PMID:9521423</ref> <ref>PMID:10200054</ref> <ref>PMID:9719376</ref> <ref>PMID:9507958</ref> <ref>PMID:9831473</ref> <ref>PMID:10441572</ref> <ref>PMID:10090481</ref> <ref>PMID:10447269</ref> <ref>PMID:10533070</ref> <ref>PMID:10025789</ref> <ref>PMID:10208579</ref> <ref>PMID:10439444</ref> <ref>PMID:10631141</ref> <ref>PMID:10644793</ref> <ref>PMID:11027672</ref> [:]<ref>PMID:11710891</ref> <ref>PMID:11920851</ref> <ref>PMID:12048239</ref> <ref>PMID:12484344</ref> <ref>PMID:12493737</ref>   Defects in PSEN1 are a cause of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/600274 600274]].  Defects in PSEN1 are the cause of cardiomyopathy dilated type 1U (CMD1U) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/613694 613694]]. It is a disorder characterized by ventricular dilation and impaired systolic function, resulting in congestive heart failure and arrhythmia. Patients are at risk of premature death.<ref>PMID:17186461</ref>   Defects in PSEN1 are the cause of familial acne inversa type 3 (ACNINV3) [MIM:[http://omim.org/entry/613737 613737]]. A chronic relapsing inflammatory disease of the hair follicles characterized by recurrent draining sinuses, painful skin abscesses, and disfiguring scars. Manifestations typically appear after puberty.<ref>PMID:20929727</ref>  
== Function ==
[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PEN2_HUMAN PEN2_HUMAN]] Essential subunit of the gamma-secretase complex, an endoprotease complex that catalyzes the intramembrane cleavage of integral membrane proteins such as Notch receptors and APP (beta-amyloid precursor protein). Probably represents the last step of maturation of gamma-secretase, facilitating endoproteolysis of presenilin and conferring gamma-secretase activity.<ref>PMID:12522139</ref> <ref>PMID:12763021</ref>  [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/NICA_HUMAN NICA_HUMAN]] Essential subunit of the gamma-secretase complex, an endoprotease complex that catalyzes the intramembrane cleavage of integral membrane proteins such as Notch receptors and APP (beta-amyloid precursor protein). It probably represents a stabilizing cofactor required for the assembly of the gamma-secretase complex. [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/APH1A_HUMAN APH1A_HUMAN]] Essential subunit of the gamma-secretase complex, an endoprotease complex that catalyzes the intramembrane cleavage of integral proteins such as Notch receptors and APP (beta-amyloid precursor protein). It probably represents a stabilizing cofactor for the presenilin homodimer that promotes the formation of a stable complex.<ref>PMID:12297508</ref> <ref>PMID:12522139</ref> <ref>PMID:12763021</ref>  [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PSN1_HUMAN PSN1_HUMAN]] Probable catalytic subunit of the gamma-secretase complex, an endoprotease complex that catalyzes the intramembrane cleavage of integral membrane proteins such as Notch receptors and APP (beta-amyloid precursor protein). Requires the other members of the gamma-secretase complex to have a protease activity. May play a role in intracellular signaling and gene expression or in linking chromatin to the nuclear membrane. Stimulates cell-cell adhesion though its association with the E-cadherin/catenin complex. Under conditions of apoptosis or calcium influx, cleaves E-cadherin promoting the disassembly of the E-cadherin/catenin complex and increasing the pool of cytoplasmic beta-catenin, thus negatively regulating Wnt signaling. May also play a role in hematopoiesis.<ref>PMID:10545183</ref> <ref>PMID:10593990</ref> <ref>PMID:10206644</ref> <ref>PMID:10899933</ref> <ref>PMID:10811883</ref> <ref>PMID:11226248</ref> <ref>PMID:15341515</ref> <ref>PMID:16305624</ref>  
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Aberrant cleavage of Notch by gamma-secretase leads to several types of cancer, but how gamma-secretase recognizes its substrate remains unknown. Here we report the cryo-electron microscopy structure of human gamma-secretase in complex with a Notch fragment at a resolution of 2.7 A. The transmembrane helix of Notch is surrounded by three transmembrane domains of PS1, and the carboxyl-terminal beta-strand of the Notch fragment forms a beta-sheet with two substrate-induced beta-strands of PS1 on the intracellular side. Formation of the hybrid beta-sheet is essential for substrate cleavage, which occurs at the carboxyl-terminal end of the Notch transmembrane helix. PS1 undergoes pronounced conformational rearrangement upon substrate binding. These features reveal the structural basis of Notch recognition and have implications for the recruitment of the amyloid precursor protein by gamma-secretase.

Structural basis of Notch recognition by human gamma-secretase.,Yang G, Zhou R, Zhou Q, Guo X, Yan C, Ke M, Lei J, Shi Y Nature. 2019 Jan;565(7738):192-197. doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0813-8. Epub 2018 Dec, 31. PMID:30598546<ref>PMID:30598546</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 6idf" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[Gamma secretase complex|Gamma secretase complex]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</SX>
[[Category: Human]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Guo, X]]
[[Category: Ke, M]]
[[Category: Lei, J]]
[[Category: Shi, Y]]
[[Category: Yan, C]]
[[Category: Yang, G]]
[[Category: Zhou, Q]]
[[Category: Zhou, R]]
[[Category: Complex]]
[[Category: Membrane protein]]