View source for 6hts


==Cryo-EM structure of the human INO80 complex bound to nucleosome==
<SX load='6hts' size='340' side='right' viewer='molstar' caption='[[6hts]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 4.80&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[6hts]] is a 19 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human Human]. This structure supersedes the now removed PDB entry [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/send-pdb?obs=1&id=6etx 6etx]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=6HTS OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6HTS FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=ADP:ADENOSINE-5-DIPHOSPHATE'>ADP</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=ZN:ZINC+ION'>ZN</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='gene'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Gene|Gene:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">RUVBL1, INO80H, NMP238, TIP49, TIP49A ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN]), RUVBL2, INO80J, TIP48, TIP49B, CGI-46 ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN]), INO80, INO80A, INOC1, KIAA1259 ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN]), ACTR5, ARP5 ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN]), HIST1H3A, H3FA, HIST1H3B, H3FL, HIST1H3C, H3FC, HIST1H3D, H3FB, HIST1H3E, H3FD, HIST1H3F, H3FI, HIST1H3G, H3FH, HIST1H3H, H3FK, HIST1H3I, H3FF, HIST1H3J, H3FJ ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN]), HIST1H4A, H4/A, H4FA, HIST1H4B, H4/I, H4FI, HIST1H4C, H4/G, H4FG, HIST1H4D, H4/B, H4FB, HIST1H4E, H4/J, H4FJ, HIST1H4F, H4/C, H4FC, HIST1H4H, H4/H, H4FH, HIST1H4I, H4/M, H4FM, HIST1H4J, H4/E, H4FE, HIST1H4K, H4/D, H4FD, HIST1H4L, H4/K, H4FK, HIST2H4A, H4/N, H4F2, H4FN, HIST2H4, HIST2H4B, H4/O, H4FO, HIST4H4 ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN]), HIST1H2AB, H2AFM, HIST1H2AE, H2AFA ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN]), HIST1H2BJ, H2BFR ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN]), INO80B, HMGA1L4, PAPA1, ZNHIT4 ([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&srchmode=5&id=9606 HUMAN])</td></tr>
<tr id='activity'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Activity:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_helicase DNA helicase], with EC number [http://www.brenda-enzymes.info/php/result_flat.php4?ecno=3.6.4.12 3.6.4.12] </span></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6hts FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=6hts OCA], [http://pdbe.org/6hts PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=6hts RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/6hts PDBsum], [http://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=6hts ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Function ==
[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/INO80_HUMAN INO80_HUMAN]] DNA helicase and probable main scaffold component of the chromatin remodeling INO80 complex which is involved in transcriptional regulation, DNA replication and probably DNA repair; according to PubMed:20687897 the contribution to DNA double-strand break repair appears to be largely indirect through transcriptional regulation. Recruited by YY1 to YY1-activated genes, where it acts as an essential coactivator. Binds DNA. In vitro, has double-stranded DNA-dependent ATPase activity. Involved in UV-damage excision repair, DNA replication and chromosome segregation during normal cell division cycle.<ref>PMID:16230350</ref> <ref>PMID:16298340</ref> <ref>PMID:17721549</ref> <ref>PMID:20237820</ref> <ref>PMID:20687897</ref> <ref>PMID:20855601</ref> <ref>PMID:21303910</ref>  [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/IN80B_HUMAN IN80B_HUMAN]] Induces growth and cell cycle arrests at the G1 phase of the cell cycle.<ref>PMID:15556297</ref>   Proposed core component of the chromatin remodeling INO80 complex which is involved in transcriptional regulation, DNA replication and probably DNA repair.<ref>PMID:15556297</ref>  [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RUVB2_HUMAN RUVB2_HUMAN]] Possesses single-stranded DNA-stimulated ATPase and ATP-dependent DNA helicase (5' to 3') activity; hexamerization is thought to be critical for ATP hydrolysis and adjacent subunits in the ring-like structure contribute to the ATPase activity.<ref>PMID:14966270</ref>   Component of the NuA4 histone acetyltransferase complex which is involved in transcriptional activation of select genes principally by acetylation of nucleosomal histones H4 and H2A. This modification may both alter nucleosome - DNA interactions and promote interaction of the modified histones with other proteins which positively regulate transcription. This complex may be required for the activation of transcriptional programs associated with oncogene and proto-oncogene mediated growth induction, tumor suppressor mediated growth arrest and replicative senescence, apoptosis, and DNA repair. The NuA4 complex ATPase and helicase activities seem to be, at least in part, contributed by the association of RUVBL1 and RUVBL2 with EP400. NuA4 may also play a direct role in DNA repair when recruited to sites of DNA damage.<ref>PMID:14966270</ref>   Proposed core component of the chromatin remodeling INO80 complex which is involved in transcriptional regulation, DNA replication and probably DNA repair.<ref>PMID:14966270</ref>   Plays an essential role in oncogenic transformation by MYC and also modulates transcriptional activation by the LEF1/TCF1-CTNNB1 complex. May also inhibit the transcriptional activity of ATF2.<ref>PMID:14966270</ref>  [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/H2B1J_HUMAN H2B1J_HUMAN]] Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling.<ref>PMID:11859126</ref> <ref>PMID:12860195</ref> <ref>PMID:15019208</ref>   Has broad antibacterial activity. May contribute to the formation of the functional antimicrobial barrier of the colonic epithelium, and to the bactericidal activity of amniotic fluid.<ref>PMID:11859126</ref> <ref>PMID:12860195</ref> <ref>PMID:15019208</ref>  [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RUVB1_HUMAN RUVB1_HUMAN]] Possesses single-stranded DNA-stimulated ATPase and ATP-dependent DNA helicase (3' to 5') activity; hexamerization is thought to be critical for ATP hydrolysis and adjacent subunits in the ring-like structure contribute to the ATPase activity.<ref>PMID:11027681</ref> <ref>PMID:14506706</ref> <ref>PMID:11080158</ref> <ref>PMID:14695187</ref> <ref>PMID:14966270</ref>   Component of the NuA4 histone acetyltransferase complex which is involved in transcriptional activation of select genes principally by acetylation of nucleosomal histones H4 and H2A. This modification may both alter nucleosome - DNA interactions and promote interaction of the modified histones with other proteins which positively regulate transcription. This complex may be required for the activation of transcriptional programs associated with oncogene and proto-oncogene mediated growth induction, tumor suppressor mediated growth arrest and replicative senescence, apoptosis, and DNA repair. The NuA4 complex ATPase and helicase activities seem to be, at least in part, contributed by the association of RUVBL1 and RUVBL2 with EP400. NuA4 may also play a direct role in DNA repair when recruited to sites of DNA damage.<ref>PMID:11027681</ref> <ref>PMID:14506706</ref> <ref>PMID:11080158</ref> <ref>PMID:14695187</ref> <ref>PMID:14966270</ref>   Proposed core component of the chromatin remodeling INO80 complex which is involved in transcriptional regulation, DNA replication and probably DNA repair.<ref>PMID:11027681</ref> <ref>PMID:14506706</ref> <ref>PMID:11080158</ref> <ref>PMID:14695187</ref> <ref>PMID:14966270</ref>   Plays an essential role in oncogenic transformation by MYC and also modulates transcriptional activation by the LEF1/TCF1-CTNNB1 complex. Essential for cell proliferation.<ref>PMID:11027681</ref> <ref>PMID:14506706</ref> <ref>PMID:11080158</ref> <ref>PMID:14695187</ref> <ref>PMID:14966270</ref>   May be able to bind plasminogen at cell surface and enhance plasminogen activation.<ref>PMID:11027681</ref> <ref>PMID:14506706</ref> <ref>PMID:11080158</ref> <ref>PMID:14695187</ref> <ref>PMID:14966270</ref>  [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/ARP5_HUMAN ARP5_HUMAN]] Proposed core component of the chromatin remodeling INO80 complex which is involved in transcriptional regulation, DNA replication and probably DNA repair. Involved in DNA double-strand break repair and UV-damage excision repair.<ref>PMID:19014934</ref> <ref>PMID:20855601</ref>  
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Access to DNA within nucleosomes is required for a variety of processes in cells including transcription, replication and repair. Consequently, cells encode multiple systems that remodel nucleosomes. These complexes can be simple, involving one or a few protein subunits, or more complicated multi-subunit machines (1) . Biochemical studies(2-4) have placed the motor domains of several chromatin remodellers in the superhelical location 2 region of the nucleosome. Structural studies of yeast Chd1 and Snf2-a subunit in the complex with the capacity to remodel the structure of chromatin (RSC)-in complex with nucleosomes(5-7) have provided insights into the basic mechanism of nucleosome sliding performed by these complexes. However, how larger, multi-subunit remodelling complexes such as INO80 interact with nucleosomes and how remodellers carry out functions such as nucleosome sliding (8) , histone exchange (9) and nucleosome spacing(10-12) remain poorly understood. Although some remodellers work as monomers (13) , others work as highly cooperative dimers(11, 14, 15). Here we present the structure of the human INO80 chromatin remodeller with a bound nucleosome, which reveals that INO80 interacts with nucleosomes in a previously undescribed manner: the motor domains are located on the DNA at the entry point to the nucleosome, rather than at superhelical location 2. The ARP5-IES6 module of INO80 makes additional contacts on the opposite side of the nucleosome. This arrangement enables the histone H3 tails of the nucleosome to have a role in the regulation of the activities of the INO80 motor domain-unlike in other characterized remodellers, for which H4 tails have been shown to regulate the motor domains.

Structure and regulation of the human INO80-nucleosome complex.,Ayala R, Willhoft O, Aramayo RJ, Wilkinson M, McCormack EA, Ocloo L, Wigley DB, Zhang X Nature. 2018 Apr;556(7701):391-395. doi: 10.1038/s41586-018-0021-6. Epub 2018 Apr, 11. PMID:29643506<ref>PMID:29643506</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 6hts" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[Helicase 3D structures|Helicase 3D structures]]
*[[Histone 3D structures|Histone 3D structures]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</SX>
[[Category: DNA helicase]]
[[Category: Human]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Aramayo, R J]]
[[Category: Ayala, R]]
[[Category: McCormack, E A]]
[[Category: Ocloo, L]]
[[Category: Wigley, D B]]
[[Category: Wilkinson, M]]
[[Category: Willhoft, O]]
[[Category: Zhang, X]]
[[Category: Atpase]]
[[Category: Chromatin]]
[[Category: Complex]]
[[Category: Dna binding]]
[[Category: Dna binding protein]]
[[Category: Dna repair]]
[[Category: Helicase]]
[[Category: Histone]]
[[Category: Nucleosome]]
[[Category: Remodeller]]
[[Category: Sliding]]