View source for 6gq1


==Cryo-EM reconstruction of yeast 80S ribosome in complex with mRNA, tRNA and eEF2 (GMPPCP/sordarin)==
<SX load='6gq1' size='340' side='right' viewer='molstar' caption='[[6gq1]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 4.40&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[6gq1]] is a 83 chain structure with sequence from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baker's_yeast Baker's yeast] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saccharomyces_cerevisiae_(strain_atcc_204508_/_s288c) Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain atcc 204508 / s288c)]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=6GQ1 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [http://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6GQ1 FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=GCP:PHOSPHOMETHYLPHOSPHONIC+ACID+GUANYLATE+ESTER'>GCP</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=SO1:[1R-(1.ALPHA.,3A.BETA.,4.BETA.,4A.BETA.,7.BETA.,7A.ALPHA.,8A.BETA.)]8A-[(6-DEOXY-4-O-METHYL-BETA-D-ALTROPYRANOSYLOXY)METHYL]-4-FORMYL-4,4A,5,6,7,7A,8,8A-OCTAHYDRO-7-METHYL-3-(1-METHYLETHYL)-1,4-METHANO-S-INDACENE-3A(1H)-CARBOXYLIC+ACID'>SO1</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=ZN:ZINC+ION'>ZN</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='NonStdRes'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Non-Standard_Residue|NonStd Res:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><scene name='pdbligand=DDE:{3-[4-(2-AMINO-2-CARBOXY-ETHYL)-1H-IMIDAZOL-2-YL]-1-CARBAMOYL-PROPYL}-TRIMETHYL-AMMONIUM'>DDE</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='related'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Related_structure|Related:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat">[[6gqb|6gqb]], [[6gqv|6gqv]]</td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[http://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6gq1 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=6gq1 OCA], [http://pdbe.org/6gq1 PDBe], [http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=6gq1 RCSB], [http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/6gq1 PDBsum], [http://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=6gq1 ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Function ==
[[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RS15_YEAST RS15_YEAST]] Involved in the nuclear export of the small ribosomal subunit. Has a role in the late stage of the assembly of pre-40S particles within the nucleus and controls their export to the cytoplasm.<ref>PMID:15167894</ref>  [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RS31_YEAST RS31_YEAST]] Ubiquitin: Exists either covalently attached to another protein, or free (unanchored). When covalently bound, it is conjugated to target proteins via an isopeptide bond either as a monomer (monoubiquitin), a polymer linked via different Lys residues of the ubiquitin (polyubiquitin chains) or a linear polymer linked via the initiator Met of the ubiquitin (linear polyubiquitin chains). Polyubiquitin chains, when attached to a target protein, have different functions depending on the Lys residue of the ubiquitin that is linked: Lys-6-linked may be involved in DNA repair; Lys-11-linked is involved in ERAD (endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation) and in cell-cycle regulation; Lys-29-linked is involved in lysosomal degradation; Lys-33-linked is involved in kinase modification; Lys-48-linked is involved in protein degradation via the proteasome; Lys-63-linked is involved in endocytosis, and DNA-damage responses. Linear polymer chains formed via attachment by the initiator Met lead to cell signaling. Ubiquitin is usually conjugated to Lys residues of target proteins, however, in rare cases, conjugation to Cys or Ser residues has been observed. When polyubiquitin is free (unanchored-polyubiquitin), it also has distinct roles, such as in activation of protein kinases, and in signaling (By similarity).  40S ribosomal protein S31: Component of the ribosome, a large ribonucleoprotein complex responsible for the synthesis of proteins in the cell. The small ribosomal subunit (SSU) binds messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and translates the encoded message by selecting cognate aminoacyl-transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules. The large subunit (LSU) contains the ribosomal catalytic site termed the peptidyl transferase center (PTC), which catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds, thereby polymerizing the amino acids delivered by tRNAs into a polypeptide chain. The nascent polypeptides leave the ribosome through a tunnel in the LSU and interact with protein factors that function in enzymatic processing, targeting, and the membrane insertion of nascent chains at the exit of the ribosomal tunnel.<ref>PMID:22096102</ref>  [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RS7A_YEAST RS7A_YEAST]] Involved in nucleolar processing of pre-18S ribosomal RNA and ribosome assembly.<ref>PMID:15590835</ref>  [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RS9A_YEAST RS9A_YEAST]] Involved in nucleolar processing of pre-18S ribosomal RNA and ribosome assembly.<ref>PMID:15590835</ref>  [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RSSA1_YEAST RSSA1_YEAST]] Required for the assembly and/or stability of the 40S ribosomal subunit. Required for the processing of the 20S rRNA-precursor to mature 18S rRNA in a late step of the maturation of 40S ribosomal subunits.<ref>PMID:9973221</ref> <ref>PMID:14627813</ref>  [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RS2_YEAST RS2_YEAST]] Important in the assembly and function of the 40S ribosomal subunit. Mutations in this protein affects the control of translational fidelity. Involved in nucleolar processing of pre-18S ribosomal RNA and ribosome assembly.<ref>PMID:15590835</ref>  [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RL11B_YEAST RL11B_YEAST]] Binds to 5S ribosomal RNA. [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RS18A_YEAST RS18A_YEAST]] Located at the top of the head of the 40S subunit, it contacts several helices of the 18S rRNA (By similarity).[HAMAP-Rule:MF_01315] [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RS14B_YEAST RS14B_YEAST]] Involved in nucleolar processing of pre-18S ribosomal RNA and ribosome assembly.<ref>PMID:15590835</ref>  [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RS6A_YEAST RS6A_YEAST]] Involved in nucleolar processing of pre-18S ribosomal RNA and ribosome assembly.<ref>PMID:15590835</ref>  [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RS19A_YEAST RS19A_YEAST]] Required for proper maturation of the small (40S) ribosomal subunit. Binds to 40s pre-ribosomal particles, probably required after association of NOC4 but before association of ENP1, TSR1 and RIO2 with 20/21S pre-rRNA.<ref>PMID:16159874</ref> <ref>PMID:17726054</ref>  [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RL25_YEAST RL25_YEAST]] This protein binds to a specific region on the 26S rRNA. [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RS27A_YEAST RS27A_YEAST]] Ubiquitin exists either covalently attached to another protein, or free (unanchored). When covalently bound, it is conjugated to target proteins via an isopeptide bond either as a monomer (monoubiquitin), a polymer linked via different Lys residues of the ubiquitin (polyubiquitin chains) or a linear polymer linked via the initiator Met of the ubiquitin (linear polyubiquitin chains). Polyubiquitin chains, when attached to a target protein, have different functions depending on the Lys residue of the ubiquitin that is linked: Lys-6-linked may be involved in DNA repair; Lys-11-linked is involved in ERAD (endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation) and in cell-cycle regulation; Lys-29-linked is involved in lysosomal degradation; Lys-33-linked is involved in kinase modification; Lys-48-linked is involved in protein degradation via the proteasome; Lys-63-linked is involved in endocytosis, and DNA-damage responses. Linear polymer chains formed via attachment by the initiator Met lead to cell signaling. Ubiquitin is usually conjugated to Lys residues of target proteins, however, in rare cases, conjugation to Cys or Ser residues has been observed. When polyubiquitin is free (unanchored-polyubiquitin), it also has distinct roles, such as in activation of protein kinases, and in signaling (By similarity).  40S ribosomal protein S31 is a component of the 40S subunit of the ribosome (By similarity). [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RL37A_YEAST RL37A_YEAST]] Binds to the 23S rRNA (By similarity). [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RS21A_YEAST RS21A_YEAST]] Required for the processing of the 20S rRNA-precursor to mature 18S rRNA in a late step of the maturation of 40S ribosomal subunits. Has a physiological role leading to 18S rRNA stability.<ref>PMID:14627813</ref>  [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/GBLP_YEAST GBLP_YEAST]] Located at the head of the 40S ribosomal subunit in the vicinity of the mRNA exit channel, it serves as a scaffold protein that can recruit other proteins to the ribosome. Involved in the negative regulation of translation of a specific subset of proteins.<ref>PMID:15340087</ref>  [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RL5_YEAST RL5_YEAST]] Binds 5S RNA and is required for 60S subunit assembly. [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RL4A_YEAST RL4A_YEAST]] Participates in the regulation of the accumulation of its own mRNA.<ref>PMID:2065661</ref>  [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RLA0_YEAST RLA0_YEAST]] Ribosomal protein P0 is the functional equivalent of E.coli protein L10. [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RL40A_YEAST RL40A_YEAST]] Ubiquitin: Exists either covalently attached to another protein, or free (unanchored). When covalently bound, it is conjugated to target proteins via an isopeptide bond either as a monomer (monoubiquitin), a polymer linked via different Lys residues of the ubiquitin (polyubiquitin chains) or a linear polymer linked via the initiator Met of the ubiquitin (linear polyubiquitin chains). Polyubiquitin chains, when attached to a target protein, have different functions depending on the Lys residue of the ubiquitin that is linked: Lys-6-linked may be involved in DNA repair; Lys-11-linked is involved in ERAD (endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation) and in cell-cycle regulation; Lys-29-linked is involved in lysosomal degradation; Lys-33-linked is involved in kinase modification; Lys-48-linked is involved in protein degradation via the proteasome; Lys-63-linked is involved in endocytosis, and DNA-damage responses. Linear polymer chains formed via attachment by the initiator Met lead to cell signaling. Ubiquitin is usually conjugated to Lys residues of target proteins, however, in rare cases, conjugation to Cys or Ser residues has been observed. When polyubiquitin is free (unanchored-polyubiquitin), it also has distinct roles, such as in activation of protein kinases, and in signaling (By similarity).  60S ribosomal protein L40-A: Component of the ribosome, a large ribonucleoprotein complex responsible for the synthesis of proteins in the cell. The small ribosomal subunit (SSU) binds messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and translates the encoded message by selecting cognate aminoacyl-transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules. The large subunit (LSU) contains the ribosomal catalytic site termed the peptidyl transferase center (PTC), which catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds, thereby polymerizing the amino acids delivered by tRNAs into a polypeptide chain. The nascent polypeptides leave the ribosome through a tunnel in the LSU and interact with protein factors that function in enzymatic processing, targeting, and the membrane insertion of nascent chains at the exit of the ribosomal tunnel (PubMed:22096102). eL40 is essential for translation of a subset of cellular transcripts, including stress response transcripts, such as DDR2 (PubMed:23169626).<ref>PMID:23169626</ref> <ref>PMID:22096102</ref>  [[http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RL12A_YEAST RL12A_YEAST]] This protein binds directly to 26S ribosomal RNA.[HAMAP-Rule:MF_00736] 
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
One of the most critical steps of protein biosynthesis is the coupled movement of mRNA, which encodes genetic information, with tRNAs on the ribosome. In eukaryotes, this process is catalyzed by a conserved G-protein, the elongation factor 2 (eEF2), which carries a unique post-translational modification, called diphthamide, found in all eukaryotic species. Here we present near-atomic resolution cryo-electron microscopy structures of yeast 80S ribosome complexes containing mRNA, tRNA and eEF2 trapped in different GTP-hydrolysis states which provide further structural insights into the role of diphthamide in the mechanism of translation fidelity in eukaryotes.

Structural Insights into the Role of Diphthamide on Elongation Factor 2 in mRNA Reading-Frame Maintenance.,Pellegrino S, Demeshkina N, Mancera-Martinez E, Melnikov S, Simonetti A, Myasnikov A, Yusupov M, Yusupova G, Hashem Y J Mol Biol. 2018 Jun 7. pii: S0022-2836(18)30582-5. doi:, 10.1016/j.jmb.2018.06.006. PMID:29886014<ref>PMID:29886014</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 6gq1" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[Ribosome 3D structures|Ribosome 3D structures]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</SX>
[[Category: Baker's yeast]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Demeshkina, N]]
[[Category: Hashem, Y]]
[[Category: Mancera-Martinez, E]]
[[Category: Melnikov, S]]
[[Category: Myasnikov, A]]
[[Category: Pellegrino, S]]
[[Category: Simonetti, A]]
[[Category: Yusupov, M]]
[[Category: Yusupova, G]]
[[Category: Diphthamide]]
[[Category: Eukaryotic 80s riboosme]]
[[Category: Mrna-trna translocation]]
[[Category: Ribosome]]