View source for 5vt2


==Crystal structure of growth differentiation factor==
<StructureSection load='5vt2' size='340' side='right'caption='[[5vt2]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.30&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[5vt2]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=5VT2 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=5VT2 FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.3&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=EDO:1,2-ETHANEDIOL'>EDO</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=5vt2 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=5vt2 OCA], [https://pdbe.org/5vt2 PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=5vt2 RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/5vt2 PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=5vt2 ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/GDF15_HUMAN GDF15_HUMAN] 
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
In search of metabolically regulated secreted proteins, we conducted a microarray study comparing gene expression in major metabolic tissues of fed and fasted ob/ob mice and C57BL/6 mice. The array used in this study included probes for ~4000 genes annotated as potential secreted proteins. Circulating macrophage inhibitory cytokine 1 (MIC-1)/growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) concentrations were increased in obese mice, rats, and humans in comparison to age-matched lean controls. Adeno-associated virus-mediated overexpression of GDF15 and recombinant GDF15 treatments reduced food intake and body weight and improved metabolic profiles in various metabolic disease models in mice, rats, and obese cynomolgus monkeys. Analysis of the GDF15 crystal structure suggested that the protein is not suitable for conventional Fc fusion at the carboxyl terminus of the protein. Thus, we used a structure-guided approach to design and successfully generate several Fc fusion molecules with extended half-life and potent efficacy. Furthermore, we discovered that GDF15 delayed gastric emptying, changed food preference, and activated area postrema neurons, confirming a role for GDF15 in the gut-brain axis responsible for the regulation of body energy intake. Our work provides evidence that GDF15 Fc fusion proteins could be potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of obesity and related comorbidities.

Long-acting MIC-1/GDF15 molecules to treat obesity: Evidence from mice to monkeys.,Xiong Y, Walker K, Min X, Hale C, Tran T, Komorowski R, Yang J, Davda J, Nuanmanee N, Kemp D, Wang X, Liu H, Miller S, Lee KJ, Wang Z, Veniant MM Sci Transl Med. 2017 Oct 18;9(412). pii: eaan8732. doi:, 10.1126/scitranslmed.aan8732. PMID:29046435<ref>PMID:29046435</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 5vt2" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[Growth differentiation factor 3D STRUCTURES|Growth differentiation factor 3D STRUCTURES]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Min X]]
[[Category: Wang Z]]