View source for 5ih5


==Human Casein Kinase 1 isoform delta (kinase domain) in complex with Epiblastin A==
<StructureSection load='5ih5' size='340' side='right'caption='[[5ih5]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.25&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[5ih5]] is a 1 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=5IH5 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=5IH5 FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.25&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=AUE:6-(3-CHLOROPHENYL)PTERIDINE-2,4,7-TRIAMINE'>AUE</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=SO4:SULFATE+ION'>SO4</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=SRT:S,R+MESO-TARTARIC+ACID'>SRT</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=ZN:ZINC+ION'>ZN</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=5ih5 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=5ih5 OCA], [https://pdbe.org/5ih5 PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=5ih5 RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/5ih5 PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=5ih5 ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Disease ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/KC1D_HUMAN KC1D_HUMAN] Familial advanced sleep-phase syndrome. The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/KC1D_HUMAN KC1D_HUMAN] Essential serine/threonine-protein kinase that regulates diverse cellular growth and survival processes including Wnt signaling, DNA repair and circadian rhythms. It can phosphorylate a large number of proteins. Casein kinases are operationally defined by their preferential utilization of acidic proteins such as caseins as substrates. Phosphorylates connexin-43/GJA1, MAP1A, SNAPIN, MAPT/TAU, TOP2A, DCK, HIF1A, EIF6, p53/TP53, DVL2, DVL3, ESR1, AIB1/NCOA3, DNMT1, PKD2, YAP1, PER1 and PER2. Central component of the circadian clock. May act as a negative regulator of circadian rhythmicity by phosphorylating PER1 and PER2, leading to retain PER1 in the cytoplasm. YAP1 phosphorylation promotes its SCF(beta-TRCP) E3 ubiquitin ligase-mediated ubiquitination and subsequent degradation. DNMT1 phosphorylation reduces its DNA-binding activity. Phosphorylation of ESR1 and AIB1/NCOA3 stimulates their activity and coactivation. Phosphorylation of DVL2 and DVL3 regulates WNT3A signaling pathway that controls neurite outgrowth. EIF6 phosphorylation promotes its nuclear export. Triggers down-regulation of dopamine receptors in the forebrain. Activates DCK in vitro by phosphorylation. TOP2A phosphorylation favors DNA cleavable complex formation. May regulate the formation of the mitotic spindle apparatus in extravillous trophoblast. Modulates connexin-43/GJA1 gap junction assembly by phosphorylation. Probably involved in lymphocyte physiology. Regulates fast synaptic transmission mediated by glutamate.<ref>PMID:10606744</ref> <ref>PMID:12270943</ref> <ref>PMID:14761950</ref> <ref>PMID:16027726</ref> <ref>PMID:17962809</ref> <ref>PMID:17562708</ref> <ref>PMID:19043076</ref> <ref>PMID:19339517</ref> <ref>PMID:20637175</ref> <ref>PMID:20041275</ref> <ref>PMID:20048001</ref> <ref>PMID:20699359</ref> <ref>PMID:20696890</ref> <ref>PMID:20407760</ref> <ref>PMID:21084295</ref> <ref>PMID:21422228</ref> 
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
The discovery of novel small molecules that induce stem cell reprogramming and give efficient access to pluripotent stem cells is of major importance for potential therapeutic applications and may reveal novel insights into the factors controlling pluripotency. Chemical reprogramming of mouse epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs) into cells corresponding to embryonic stem cells (cESCs) is an inefficient process. In order to identify small molecules that promote this cellular transition, we analyzed the LOPAC library in a phenotypic screen monitoring Oct4-GFP expression and identified triamterene (TR) as initial hit. Synthesis of a TR-derived compound collection and investigation for reprogramming of EpiSCs into cESCs identified casein kinases 1 (CK1) alpha/delta/varepsilon as responsible cellular targets of TR and unraveled the structural parameters that determine reprogramming. Delineation of a structure-activity relationship led to the development of Epiblastin A, which engages CK1 isoenzymes in cell lysate and induces efficient conversion of EpiSCs into cESCs.

Epiblastin A Induces Reprogramming of Epiblast Stem Cells Into Embryonic Stem Cells by Inhibition of Casein Kinase 1.,Ursu A, Illich DJ, Takemoto Y, Porfetye AT, Zhang M, Brockmeyer A, Janning P, Watanabe N, Osada H, Vetter IR, Ziegler S, Scholer HR, Waldmann H Cell Chem Biol. 2016 Apr 21;23(4):494-507. doi: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2016.02.015., Epub 2016 Mar 31. PMID:27049670<ref>PMID:27049670</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 5ih5" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[Casein kinase 3D structures|Casein kinase 3D structures]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Brockmeyer A]]
[[Category: Illich DJ]]
[[Category: Janning P]]
[[Category: Osada H]]
[[Category: Porfetye AT]]
[[Category: Schoeler HR]]
[[Category: Takemoto Y]]
[[Category: Ursu A]]
[[Category: Vetter IR]]
[[Category: Waldmann H]]
[[Category: Watanabe N]]
[[Category: Zhang M]]
[[Category: Ziegler S]]