View source for 4zvv


==Lactate dehydrogenase A in complex with a trisubstituted piperidine-2,4-dione inhibitor GNE-140==
<StructureSection load='4zvv' size='340' side='right'caption='[[4zvv]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.20&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[4zvv]] is a 4 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=4ZVV OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4ZVV FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.2&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=GN0:(2~{R})-5-(2-CHLOROPHENYL)SULFANYL-2-(4-MORPHOLIN-4-YLPHENYL)-4-OXIDANYL-2-THIOPHEN-3-YL-1,3-DIHYDROPYRIDIN-6-ONE'>GN0</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=NAD:NICOTINAMIDE-ADENINE-DINUCLEOTIDE'>NAD</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=SO4:SULFATE+ION'>SO4</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=4zvv FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=4zvv OCA], [https://pdbe.org/4zvv PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=4zvv RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/4zvv PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=4zvv ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Disease ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/LDHA_HUMAN LDHA_HUMAN] Defects in LDHA are the cause of glycogen storage disease type 11 (GSD11) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/612933 612933]. A metabolic disorder that results in exertional myoglobinuria, pain, cramps and easy fatigue.<ref>PMID:2334430</ref> 
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/LDHA_HUMAN LDHA_HUMAN] 
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Metabolic reprogramming in tumors represents a potential therapeutic target. Herein we used shRNA depletion and a novel lactate dehydrogenase (LDHA) inhibitor, GNE-140, to probe the role of LDHA in tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. In MIA PaCa-2 human pancreatic cells, LDHA inhibition rapidly affected global metabolism, although cell death only occurred after 2 d of continuous LDHA inhibition. Pancreatic cell lines that utilize oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) rather than glycolysis were inherently resistant to GNE-140, but could be resensitized to GNE-140 with the OXPHOS inhibitor phenformin. Acquired resistance to GNE-140 was driven by activation of the AMPK-mTOR-S6K signaling pathway, which led to increased OXPHOS, and inhibitors targeting this pathway could prevent resistance. Thus, combining an LDHA inhibitor with compounds targeting the mitochondrial or AMPK-S6K signaling axis may not only broaden the clinical utility of LDHA inhibitors beyond glycolytically dependent tumors but also reduce the emergence of resistance to LDHA inhibition.

Metabolic plasticity underpins innate and acquired resistance to LDHA inhibition.,Boudreau A, Purkey HE, Hitz A, Robarge K, Peterson D, Labadie S, Kwong M, Hong R, Gao M, Del Nagro C, Pusapati R, Ma S, Salphati L, Pang J, Zhou A, Lai T, Li Y, Chen Z, Wei B, Yen I, Sideris S, McCleland M, Firestein R, Corson L, Vanderbilt A, Williams S, Daemen A, Belvin M, Eigenbrot C, Jackson PK, Malek S, Hatzivassiliou G, Sampath D, Evangelista M, O'Brien T Nat Chem Biol. 2016 Aug 1. doi: 10.1038/nchembio.2143. PMID:27479743<ref>PMID:27479743</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 4zvv" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[Lactate dehydrogenase 3D structures|Lactate dehydrogenase 3D structures]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Chen Z]]
[[Category: Eigenbrot C]]
[[Category: Li Y]]