View source for 3av2


==The human nucleosome structure containing the histone variant H3.3==
<StructureSection load='3av2' size='340' side='right'caption='[[3av2]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.80&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[3av2]] is a 10 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=3AV2 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3AV2 FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.8&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=3av2 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=3av2 OCA], [https://pdbe.org/3av2 PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=3av2 RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/3av2 PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=3av2 ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/H2B1J_HUMAN H2B1J_HUMAN] Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling.<ref>PMID:11859126</ref> <ref>PMID:12860195</ref> <ref>PMID:15019208</ref>   Has broad antibacterial activity. May contribute to the formation of the functional antimicrobial barrier of the colonic epithelium, and to the bactericidal activity of amniotic fluid.<ref>PMID:11859126</ref> <ref>PMID:12860195</ref> <ref>PMID:15019208</ref> 
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
The nucleosome is the fundamental repeating unit of chromatin, via which genomic DNA is packaged into the nucleus in eukaryotes. In the nucleosome, two copies of each core histone, H2A, H2B, H3 and H4, form a histone octamer which wraps 146 base pairs of DNA around itself. All of the core histones except for histone H4 have nonallelic isoforms called histone variants. In humans, eight histone H3 variants, H3.1, H3.2, H3.3, H3T, H3.5, H3.X, H3.Y and CENP-A, have been reported to date. Previous studies have suggested that histone H3 variants possess distinct functions in the formation of specific chromosome regions and/or in the regulation of transcription and replication. H3.1, H3.2 and H3.3 are the most abundant H3 variants. Here, crystal structures of human nucleosomes containing either H3.2 or H3.3 have been solved. The structures were essentially the same as that of the H3.1 nucleosome. Since the amino-acid residues specific for H3.2 and H3.3 are located on the accessible surface of the H3/H4 tetramer, they may be potential interaction sites for H3.2- and H3.3-specific chaperones.

Structures of human nucleosomes containing major histone H3 variants.,Tachiwana H, Osakabe A, Shiga T, Miya Y, Kimura H, Kagawa W, Kurumizaka H Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 2011 Jun;67(Pt 6):578-83. Epub 2011 May 17. PMID:21636898<ref>PMID:21636898</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 3av2" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[Histone 3D structures|Histone 3D structures]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Kagawa W]]
[[Category: Kimura H]]
[[Category: Kurumizaka H]]
[[Category: Miya M]]
[[Category: Osakabe A]]
[[Category: Shiga T]]
[[Category: Tachiwana H]]