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==Structure of the ligand-binding and transmembrane domains of kainate receptor GluK2 in complex with the positive allosteric modulator BPAM344 and competitive antagonist DNQX==
<StructureSection load='8fwu' size='340' side='right'caption='[[8fwu]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 3.18&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[8fwu]] is a 4 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rattus_norvegicus Rattus norvegicus]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=8FWU OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=8FWU FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">Electron Microscopy, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 3.18&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=2J9:4-CYCLOPROPYL-7-FLUORO-3,4-DIHYDRO-2H-1,2,4-BENZOTHIADIAZINE+1,1-DIOXIDE'>2J9</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=BMA:BETA-D-MANNOSE'>BMA</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=CL:CHLORIDE+ION'>CL</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=DNQ:6,7-DINITROQUINOXALINE-2,3-DIONE'>DNQ</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=NA:SODIUM+ION'>NA</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=NAG:N-ACETYL-D-GLUCOSAMINE'>NAG</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=POV:(2S)-3-(HEXADECANOYLOXY)-2-[(9Z)-OCTADEC-9-ENOYLOXY]PROPYL+2-(TRIMETHYLAMMONIO)ETHYL+PHOSPHATE'>POV</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=8fwu FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=8fwu OCA], [https://pdbe.org/8fwu PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=8fwu RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/8fwu PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=8fwu ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/GRIK2_RAT GRIK2_RAT] Ionotropic glutamate receptor. L-glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter at many synapses in the central nervous system. Binding of the excitatory neurotransmitter L-glutamate induces a conformation change, leading to the opening of the cation channel, and thereby converts the chemical signal to an electrical impulse. The receptor then desensitizes rapidly and enters a transient inactive state, characterized by the presence of bound agonist. May be involved in the transmission of light information from the retina to the hypothalamus. Modulates cell surface expression of NETO2 (By similarity).<ref>PMID:17486098</ref> <ref>PMID:17115050</ref> 
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Kainate receptors (KARs) are a subtype of ionotropic glutamate receptors that control synaptic transmission in the central nervous system and are implicated in neurological, psychiatric, and neurodevelopmental disorders. Understanding the regulation of KAR function by small molecules is essential for exploring these receptors as drug targets. Here, we present cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of KAR GluK2 in complex with the positive allosteric modulator BPAM344, competitive antagonist DNQX, and negative allosteric modulator, antiepileptic drug perampanel. Our structures show that two BPAM344 molecules bind per ligand-binding domain dimer interface. In the absence of an agonist or in the presence of DNQX, BPAM344 stabilizes GluK2 in the closed state. The closed state is also stabilized by perampanel, which binds to the ion channel extracellular collar sites located in two out of four GluK2 subunits. The molecular mechanisms of positive and negative allosteric modulation of KAR provide a guide for developing new therapeutic strategies.

Positive and negative allosteric modulation of GluK2 kainate receptors by BPAM344 and antiepileptic perampanel.,Gangwar SP, Yen LY, Yelshanskaya MV, Sobolevsky AI Cell Rep. 2023 Feb 28;42(2):112124. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112124. Epub 2023 , Feb 21. PMID:36857176<ref>PMID:36857176</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 8fwu" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Rattus norvegicus]]
[[Category: Gangwar SP]]
[[Category: Sobolevsky AI]]
[[Category: Yelshanskaya MV]]
[[Category: Yen LY]]