View source for 6d94


==Crystal structure of PPAR gamma in complex with Mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 1==
<StructureSection load='6d94' size='340' side='right'caption='[[6d94]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 1.90&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[6d94]] is a 2 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=6D94 OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6D94 FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 1.9&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=EDK:(2~{S})-3-[4-[2-[methyl(pyridin-2-yl)amino]ethoxy]phenyl]-2-[[2-(phenylcarbonyl)phenyl]amino]propanoic+acid'>EDK</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6d94 FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=6d94 OCA], [https://pdbe.org/6d94 PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=6d94 RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/6d94 PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=6d94 ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Disease ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PPARG_HUMAN PPARG_HUMAN] Note=Defects in PPARG can lead to type 2 insulin-resistant diabetes and hyptertension. PPARG mutations may be associated with colon cancer.  Defects in PPARG may be associated with susceptibility to obesity (OBESITY) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/601665 601665]. It is a condition characterized by an increase of body weight beyond the limitation of skeletal and physical requirements, as the result of excessive accumulation of body fat.<ref>PMID:9753710</ref>   Defects in PPARG are the cause of familial partial lipodystrophy type 3 (FPLD3) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/604367 604367]. Familial partial lipodystrophies (FPLD) are a heterogeneous group of genetic disorders characterized by marked loss of subcutaneous (sc) fat from the extremities. Affected individuals show an increased preponderance of insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia.<ref>PMID:12453919</ref> <ref>PMID:11788685</ref>   Genetic variations in PPARG can be associated with susceptibility to glioma type 1 (GLM1) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/137800 137800]. Gliomas are central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells and comprise astrocytomas, glioblastoma multiforme, oligodendrogliomas, and ependymomas. Note=Polymorphic PPARG alleles have been found to be significantly over-represented among a cohort of American patients with sporadic glioblastoma multiforme suggesting a possible contribution to disease susceptibility.
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PPARG_HUMAN PPARG_HUMAN] Receptor that binds peroxisome proliferators such as hypolipidemic drugs and fatty acids. Once activated by a ligand, the receptor binds to a promoter element in the gene for acyl-CoA oxidase and activates its transcription. It therefore controls the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway of fatty acids. Key regulator of adipocyte differentiation and glucose homeostasis. Acts as a critical regulator of gut homeostasis by suppressing NF-kappa-B-mediated proinflammatory responses.<ref>PMID:9065481</ref> <ref>PMID:16150867</ref> <ref>PMID:20829347</ref> 
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
Efforts to decrease the adverse effects of nuclear receptor (NR) drugs have yielded experimental agonists that produce better outcomes in mice. Some of these agonists have been shown to cause different, not just less intense, on-target transcriptomic effects; however, a structural explanation for such agonist-specific effects remains unknown. Here, we show that partial agonists of the NR peroxisome proliferator-associated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), which induce better outcomes in mice compared to clinically utilized type II diabetes PPARgamma-binding drugs thiazolidinediones (TZDs), also favor a different group of coactivator peptides than the TZDs. We find that PPARgamma full agonists can also be biased relative to each other in terms of coactivator peptide binding. We find differences in coactivator-PPARgamma bonding between the coactivator subgroups which allow agonists to favor one group of coactivator peptides over another, including differential bonding to a C-terminal residue of helix 4. Analysis of all available NR-coactivator structures indicates that such differential helix 4 bonding persists across other NR-coactivator complexes, providing a general structural mechanism of biased agonism for many NRs. Further work will be necessary to determine if such bias translates into altered coactivator occupancy and physiology in cells.

A structural mechanism of nuclear receptor biased agonism.,Nemetchek MD, Chrisman IM, Rayl ML, Voss AH, Hughes TS Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2022 Dec 13;119(50):e2215333119. doi: , 10.1073/pnas.2215333119. Epub 2022 Dec 5. PMID:36469765<ref>PMID:36469765</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
</div>
<div class="pdbe-citations 6d94" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor 3D structures|Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor 3D structures]]
== References ==
<references/>
__TOC__
</StructureSection>
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Chrisman IM]]
[[Category: Hughes TS]]
[[Category: Mou TC]]
[[Category: Sprang SR]]