View source for 6cer


==Human pyruvate dehydrogenase complex E1 component V138M mutation==
<StructureSection load='6cer' size='340' side='right'caption='[[6cer]], [[Resolution|resolution]] 2.69&Aring;' scene=''>
== Structural highlights ==
<table><tr><td colspan='2'>[[6cer]] is a 8 chain structure with sequence from [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens Homo sapiens]. Full crystallographic information is available from [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocashort?id=6CER OCA]. For a <b>guided tour on the structure components</b> use [https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6CER FirstGlance]. <br>
</td></tr><tr id='method'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Empirical_models|Method:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="methodDat">X-ray diffraction, [[Resolution|Resolution]] 2.69&#8491;</td></tr>
<tr id='ligand'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>[[Ligand|Ligands:]]</b></td><td class="sblockDat" id="ligandDat"><scene name='pdbligand=MG:MAGNESIUM+ION'>MG</scene>, <scene name='pdbligand=TPP:THIAMINE+DIPHOSPHATE'>TPP</scene></td></tr>
<tr id='resources'><td class="sblockLbl"><b>Resources:</b></td><td class="sblockDat"><span class='plainlinks'>[https://proteopedia.org/fgij/fg.htm?mol=6cer FirstGlance], [http://oca.weizmann.ac.il/oca-bin/ocaids?id=6cer OCA], [https://pdbe.org/6cer PDBe], [https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore.do?structureId=6cer RCSB], [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbsum/6cer PDBsum], [https://prosat.h-its.org/prosat/prosatexe?pdbcode=6cer ProSAT]</span></td></tr>
</table>
== Disease ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/ODPA_HUMAN ODPA_HUMAN] Defects in PDHA1 are a cause of pyruvate dehydrogenase E1-alpha deficiency (PDHAD) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/312170 312170]. An enzymatic defect causing primary lactic acidosis in children. It is associated with a broad clinical spectrum ranging from fatal lactic acidosis in the newborn to chronic neurologic dysfunction with structural abnormalities in the central nervous system without systemic acidosis.<ref>PMID:1338114</ref> <ref>PMID:1909401</ref> <ref>PMID:1551669</ref> <ref>PMID:1293379</ref> <ref>PMID:8504306</ref> <ref>PMID:8032855</ref> <ref>PMID:7545958</ref> <ref>PMID:7967473</ref> <ref>PMID:7887409</ref> <ref>PMID:7573035</ref> <ref>PMID:7757088</ref> <ref>PMID:8664900</ref> <ref>PMID:8844217</ref> <ref>PMID:9671272</ref>   Defects in PDHA1 are the cause of X-linked Leigh syndrome (X-LS) [MIM:[https://omim.org/entry/308930 308930]. X-LS is an early-onset progressive neurodegenerative disorder with a characteristic neuropathology consisting of focal, bilateral lesions in one or more areas of the central nervous system, including the brainstem, thalamus, basal ganglia, cerebellum, and spinal cord. The lesions are areas of demyelination, gliosis, necrosis, spongiosis, or capillary proliferation. Clinical symptoms depend on which areas of the central nervous system are involved. The most common underlying cause is a defect in oxidative phosphorylation. LS may be a feature of a deficiency of any of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes.<ref>PMID:1909401</ref> <ref>PMID:7887409</ref> <ref>PMID:8498846</ref> <ref>PMID:8199595</ref> <ref>PMID:9266390</ref> 
== Function ==
[https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/ODPA_HUMAN ODPA_HUMAN] The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the overall conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and CO(2), and thereby links the glycolytic pathway to the tricarboxylic cycle.<ref>PMID:7782287</ref> <ref>PMID:19081061</ref> 
<div style="background-color:#fffaf0;">
== Publication Abstract from PubMed ==
The pyruvate dehydrogenase multienzyme complex (PDHc) connects glycolysis to the tricarboxylic acid cycle by producing acetyl-CoA via the decarboxylation of pyruvate. Because of its pivotal role in glucose metabolism, this complex is closely regulated in mammals by reversible phosphorylation, the modulation of which is of interest in treating cancer, diabetes, and obesity. Mutations such as that leading to the alphaV138M variant in pyruvate dehydrogenase, the pyruvate-decarboxylating PDHc E1 component, can result in PDHc deficiency, an inborn error of metabolism that results in an array of symptoms such as lactic acidosis, progressive cognitive and neuromuscular deficits, and even death in infancy or childhood. Here we present an analysis of two X-ray crystal structures at 2.7 A resolution, the first of the disease-associated human alphaV138M E1 variant and the second of human wild-type (WT) E1 with a bound adduct of its coenzyme thiamin diphosphate (ThDP) and the substrate analogue acetylphosphinate (AcPhi). The structures provide support for the role of regulatory loop disorder in E1 inactivation, and the alphaV138M variant structure also reveals that altered coenzyme binding can result in such disorder even in the absence of phosphorylation. Specifically, both E1 phosphorylation at alphaSer264 and the alphaV138M substitution result in disordered loops that are not optimally oriented or available to efficiently bind the lipoyl domain of PDHc E2. Combined with an analysis of alphaV138M activity, these results underscore the general connection between regulatory loop disorder and loss of E1 catalytic efficiency.

Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency is linked to regulatory loop disorder in the alphaV138M variant of human pyruvate dehydrogenase.,Whitley MJ, Arjunan P, Nemeria NS, Korotchkina LG, Park YH, Patel M, Jordan F, Furey WF J Biol Chem. 2018 Jul 3. pii: RA118.003996. doi: 10.1074/jbc.RA118.003996. PMID:29970614<ref>PMID:29970614</ref>

From MEDLINE&reg;/PubMed&reg;, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.<br>
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<div class="pdbe-citations 6cer" style="background-color:#fffaf0;"></div>

==See Also==
*[[Pyruvate dehydrogenase 3D structures|Pyruvate dehydrogenase 3D structures]]
== References ==
<references/>
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</StructureSection>
[[Category: Homo sapiens]]
[[Category: Large Structures]]
[[Category: Arjunan P]]
[[Category: Furey W]]
[[Category: Whitley MJ]]